中文部分 3
第一章 药理学实验的基本知识和技术 3
一、药理学实验课的目的和要求 3
二、实验动物的捉持和给药方法 3
实验1.1 小鼠的捉持和给药方法 3
实验1.2 大鼠的捉持和给药方法 5
实验1.3 家兔的捉持和给药方法 6
【附】豚鼠的捉持和给药方法 7
实验1.4 狗的捉持和给药方法 8
三、常用实验动物的麻醉 8
四、实验动物的取血方法 11
第二章 药理学总论的实验 18
一、药物对机体（病原体）的作用 18
实验2.1 药物的局部作用和全身作用 18
实验2.2 药物的间接作用 19
二、机体对药物的作用 20
实验2.3 溴磺酞钠的药代动力学参数估算 20
实验2.4 药物血浆蛋白结合率测定 21
三、影响药物作用的因素 22
实验2.5 影响药物作用的因素 23
一、剂型对药物作用的影响 23
二、给药途径对药物作用的影响 23
三、肝脏功能状态对药物作用的影响 24
第三章 中枢神经系统药物实验 26
一、全身麻醉药实验 27
实验3.1 挥发性液体麻醉药活性测定 27
二、镇静催眠实验 28
实验3.2 巴比妥类药物作用的比较 28
实验3.3 镇静催眠药的协同作用和对抗中枢兴奋药的作用 29
实验3.4 药物对动物自发活动的影响 30
三、抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药实验 31
实验3.5 药物的抗电惊厥作用 31
实验3.6 药物对抗中枢兴奋药惊厥的作用 32
四、抗精神失常药实验 33
实验3.7 氯丙嗪的安定作用 33
实验3.8 氯丙嗪对小鼠基础代谢的影响 34
实验3.9A 药物的镇痛作用（热板法） 35
实验3.9B 药物的镇痛作用（化学刺激法） 37
五、中枢兴奋药实验 37
实验3.10 士的宁和印防己毒素惊厥类型及作用部位的比较 37
实验3.11 尼可刹米对抗吗啡的呼吸抑制作用 39
实验3.12 尼莫地平对小鼠获得记忆的促进作用 40
第四章 传出神经系统药物实验 42
实验4.1 传出神经药物对麻醉犬血压、肠蠕动和腺体分泌的影响 42
实验4.2 药物对离体兔主动脉条的作用 45
实验4.3 药物对离体肠管的作用 45
实验4.4 药物对在体豚鼠下腹神经输精管的作用 46
实验4.5 有机磷药物中毒及解救 48
实验4.6 普鲁卡因和丁卡因表面麻醉作用的比较 49
第五章 内脏系统药物实验 51
一、治疗心功能不全药物实验 51
实验5.1 强心苷对离体心脏的作用（八木氏蛙心灌流法） 52
实验5.2 药物对离体乳头肌收缩舒张性能的影响 54
实验5.3 药物对大鼠左心功能与血流动力学的影响 56
实验5.4 心阻抗法测定药物对心脏泵血功能的影响 59
二、抗心律失常药实验 62
实验5.5 奎尼丁拮抗乌头碱诱发大鼠心律失常的作用 62
实验5.6 药物对家兔电致室颤阈的影响 63
实验5.7 利多卡因对氯化钡诱发心律失常的治疗作用 65
实验5.8 利多卡因对哇巴因引起心律失常的对抗作用 66
实验5.9 药物抑制大鼠缺血-再灌注心律失常的作用 67
实验5.10 药物对离体心房肌有效不应期和收缩力的影响 68
三、抗心肌缺血药实验 70
实验5.11 结扎兔冠状动脉引起的心肌梗死 71
实验5.12 药物对离体豚鼠心脏心肌收缩力和冠状流量的影响 72
实验5.13 硝基四氮唑蓝染色法测量心肌梗死范围 74
实验5.14 丹参注射液对垂体后叶素致兔心肌缺血的作用 75
实验5.15 血脂测定法 76
四、抗高血压药物实验 79
实验5.16 六烃季铵降压作用机理的分析 80
实验5.17 离体兔耳血管灌流 81
实验5.18 大鼠肾动脉狭窄性高血压模型制备 83
五、利尿药和脱水药实验 84
实验5.19 呋塞米和高渗葡萄糖对家兔的利尿作用 85
实验5.20 氢氯噻嗪对大鼠的利尿作用 87
实验5.21 尿液中钠、钾和氯离子的含量测定 89
六、镇咳药、祛痰药和平喘药实验 91
实验5.22 可待因对小鼠氨水引咳的镇咳作用 92
实验5.23 可待因对电刺激猫喉上神经引咳的镇咳作用 94
实验5.24 远志煎剂对小鼠气管酚红排泌量的影响 96
实验5.25 氨茶碱对豚鼠组胺-乙酰胆碱引喘的平喘作用 97
实验5.26 药物对豚鼠离体气管的作用 98
七、消化系统药物实验 100
实验5.27 药物对胃肠道蠕动的影响 101
实验5.28 药物对实验性胃溃疡的防治作用 102
实验5.29 去氢胆酸对大鼠的利胆作用 103
八、促凝血药和抗凝血药实验 104
实验5.30 药物的体外抗凝血作用 105
实验5.31 药物的促凝血作用 106
九、抗血小板药 107
实验5.32 血小板黏附性测定法 108
实验5.33 血小板凝集性测定法 109
实验5.34 动静脉旁路血栓形成实验 111
实验5.35 血小板生成血栓烷TXA2的生物检定 112
实验5.36 苯海拉明对组胺的竞争性拮抗作用及pA2值 114
第六章 抗炎药物实验 118
实验6.1 氢化可的松对小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的影响 118
实验6.2 吲哚美辛对小鼠巴豆油耳肿胀的影响 119
实验6.3 吲哚美辛对角叉菜胶诱发大鼠足跖肿胀的影响 120
实验6.4 地塞米松对大鼠肉芽肿的影响 121
实验6.5 药物对实验性胸膜炎的影响 122
实验6.6 药物对免疫性炎症的影响 122
实验6.7 切除大鼠双侧肾上腺的抗炎实验 123
实验6.8 溶酶体酶活性的测定 124
实验6.9 TXB2的放射免疫测定 125
实验6.10 白细胞糖皮质激素受体的测定 126
第七章 化学治疗药物实验 128
一、抗菌药实验 128
实验7.1 诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星及环丙沙星的体外抗菌 131
实验7.2 诺氟沙星对小鼠体内感染的保护性实验 133
二、抗肿瘤药物实验 134
实验7.3 抗肿瘤药的美蓝试管法初筛 135
实验7.4 5-FU对小鼠肉瘤S180的实验治疗 136
实验7.5 小鼠（裸鼠）肾被膜下人癌细胞移植法 138
第八章 避孕药实验 140
实验8.1 炔诺酮的抗排卵作用（交配法） 141
第九章 抗衰老药物实验 143
一、遗传学方面 143
实验9.1 果蝇寿命试验 143
二、自由基学说方面 144
实验9.2 过氧化脂质的测定 144
实验9.3 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）测定方法 145
三、对免疫功能的影响 147
实验9.4 免疫器官重量法 147
实验9.5 单核吞噬细胞功能测定法 147
四、对应激能力的影响 148
实验9.6 小鼠耐缺氧实验 149
实验9.7 小鼠耐寒实验 149
实验9.8 小鼠游泳实验 150
五、对中区神经系统方面的作用 150
实验9.9 单胺氧化酶-B活性测定 151
第十章 细胞培养技术在药理学研究中的应用 152
实验10.1 神经细胞的培养 152
实验10.2 大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的培养 153
实验10.3 原代细胞的传代培养方法 154
实验10.4 细胞的冻存 155
实验10.5 PC12细胞的复苏和培养 156
实验10.6 粉防己碱对培养大鼠脑皮层神经元损伤的保护作用 157
实验10.7 环孢素A对大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞内罗丹明123摄取的影响 158
实验10.8 硝苯地平对高钾引起的PC12细胞内钙升高的影响 159
实验10.9 原代乳鼠心肌细胞培养方法 160
实验10.10 牛胸主动脉内皮细胞的原代培养 162
第十一章 药物的安全性评价 163
一、药物的毒性试验 163
实验11.1 普鲁卡因急性LD50测定 163
实验11.2 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌致突变试验 177
实验11.3 小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验 182
二、制剂的安全限度试验 185
实验11.4 热原试验 186
实验11.5 刺激性试验 188
实验11.7 降压物质试验 189
实验11.8 溶血性试验 191
英文部分 195
Chapter 1 Basic knowledge and techniques in pharmacological experiments 195
Ⅰ．Aim and objective of pharmacological experiments 195
Ⅱ．How to handle and administer drugs to Animals 196
Experment 1.1 How to handle and administer drugs to mice 196
Experment 1.2 How to handle and administer drugs to rats 198
Experiment 1.3 How to handle and administer drugs to rabbits 199
Experiment 1.4 How to handle and administer drugs to dogs 201
Ⅲ．Anesthesia of animals widely used in experiment 202
Ⅳ．How to collect blood from experimental animals 205
Chapter 2 Experiments related to Introduction of Pharmacology 211
Ⅰ．The Effect of Drugs on the Body 211
Experiment 2.1 The local and systemic action of drugs 211
Experiment 2.2 Indirect Effect of Drugs 213
Ⅱ．The Effect of the Body on Drug 214
Experiment 2.3 Estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters of BSP 214
Experiment 2.4 Measurement of plasma-protein binding rate 216
Ⅲ．Factors that influence drug action 218
Experiment 2.5 Factors affecting drug action 218
Chapter 3 Experiments of Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System 221
Ⅰ．Experiment of general anethetics 222
Experiment 3.1 Activity determination of volatile fluid anesthetics 222
Ⅱ Experiment of sedatives and hypnotics 224
Experiment 3.2 Comparison of the actions of barbiturates 224
Experiment 3.2 Synergism of sedatives and hypnotics and their antagonistic actions to central stimulants 225
Experiment 3.4 Effect of drugs on spontaneous activity of animals 227
Ⅲ Experiment of antiepileptics and anticonvulsants 228
Experiment 3.5 Effects of drugs on electric shock 228
Experiment 3.6 The effect of drug on convulsion produced by central stimulants 230
Ⅳ．Experiment of antipsychotics 231
Experiment 3.7 Tranquilizing effect of chlorpromazine 231
Experiment 3.8 Effects of ehlorpromazine on the tolerance of hypoxia in mice 233
Ⅴ．Experiments of analogesics 234
Experiment 3.9(A) Analgesic action of drugs(The hot plate method) 234
Experiment 3.9(B) Analgesic action of drugs(The chemical irritation method) 236
Ⅵ．Experiments of central stimulants 238
Experiment 3.10 Comparison of convulsive type and site of action of strychnine and picrotoxin 238
Experiment 3.11 The antagonistic effect of nikethamide on the depression of respiration by morphine 240
Experiment 3.12 The promotive effect of nimodipine on acquired memory of mouse 241
Chapter 4 Experiments of Drugs Affecting the Peripheral Efferent Nervous System 244
Experiment 4.1 Effects of drugs affecting the peripheral efferent nervous system on blood pressure,intestinal movement and gland secretion in anesthetized dog 245
Experiment 4.2 Effects of drugs on the isolated aorta strip of rabbit 248
Experiment 4.3 Effects of drugs on isolated intestine 249
Experiment 4.4 Effects of drugs on in-vivo spermaduct controlled by hypogastric nerve in guinea pig 251
Experiment 4.5 Acute intoxication by organophosphate compounds and its treatment 253
Experiment 4.6 Comparison of surface anesthetic action of procaine and tetracaine 255
Chapter 5 Experiments of drugs affecting the splanchnic system 258
Ⅰ．Experiments of drugs used for cardiac insufficiency 259
Experiment 5.1 Effect of cardiac glycosides on the isolated heart of frog 260
Experiment 5.2 Effects of drugs on the contraction and relaxation of isolated papillary muscles 262
Experiment 5.3 Effects of drugs on left heart function and hemodynamics of rat 265
Experiment 5.4 Determinations of the effects of drugs on cardiac blood-pumping function by cardioimpedance method 267
Ⅱ．Experiments of Antiarrhythmic Drugs 271
Experiment 5.5 The antagonistic effects of quinidine on aconitine-induced arrhythmia in rat 272
Experiment 5.6 The effect of drug on the threshold of ventricular fibrillation induced by electric stimulation in rabbit 273
Experiment 5.7 The therapeutic effect of lidocaine on arrhythmia induced by barium chloride in rat 276
Experiment 5.8 The antagonistic effect of lidocaine on arrhythmia induced by ouabain 277
Experiment 5.9 The inhibitory effects of drugs on arrhythmia caused by ischemia-reperfusion in rat 279
Experiment 5.10 The effect of drug on effective refractory period and contractility of in vitro atrial muscle 282
Ⅲ．Experiments of Anti-myocardial ischemic Drugs 284
Experiment 5.11 Myocardial infarction caused by ligaturing coronary artery of rabbit 285
Experiment 5.12 The effects of drugs on myocardial contractility and coronary blood flow of in vitro heart of guinea pig 288
Experiment 5.13 Measurement of area of myocardial infarction by nitro-blue tetrazolium staining 290
Experiment 5.14 The effects of Dan-Shen parenteral solution on myocardial ischemia of rabbit induced by pituitrin 292
Experiment 5.15 Measurement of blood fat 294
Ⅳ．Experiments of antihypertensives 298
Experiment 5.16 Analysis of the mechanism of hypotensive action of hexamethonium 300
Experiment 5.17 Vascular perfusion of isolated ear of rabbit 302
Experiment 5.18 The establishment of hypertension models caused by stenosis of renal artery in rats 304
Ⅴ．Diuretics and Dehydrating agents 306
Experiment 5.19 The diuretic effect of furosemide and hypertonic glucose on anesthetized rabbit 307
Experiment 5.20 The diuretic action of hydrochlorothiazide on rat 310
Experiment 5.21 Assay of sodium,potassium and chlorine ion in urine 313
Ⅵ．Experiments of antitussive,expectorant and antiasthmatic agents 315
Experiment 5.22 The antitussive effect of codeine on mice coughing induced by ammonia water 317
Experiment 5.23 The antitussive effect of codeine on coughing induced by electric stimulation on superior laryngeal nerve of cat 320
Experiment 5.24 The effect of Siberian milkwort root decoction on phenolsulfonphthalein secretion of mice's bronchus 322
Experiment 5.25 The Antiasthmatic effect of Aminophylline on asthma stimulated by histamine-acetycholine 324
Experiment 5.26 Effect of drugs on isolated guinea pig trachea 326
Ⅶ Experiments of Drugs affecting Digestive System 328
Experiment 5.27 The effect of drugs on gastrointestinal movement 329
Experiment 5.28 Prevention and treatment function of drug on experimental gastric ulcer 330
Experiment 5.29 The cholagogic function of dehydrocholic acid on rat 332
Ⅷ The experiments of coagulants and anticoagulants 333
Experiment 5.30 Anticoagulant action of drugs in vitro 335
Experiment 5.31 Action of drug on promoting coagulation 337
Ⅸ Platelet inhibitors 338
Experiment 5.32 Determining method of platelet adhesiveness 339
Experiment 5.33 Determining method of platelet aggregation 341
Experiment 5.34 Thrombus formation with arteriovenous shunt in rat 344
Experiment 5.35 Bioassay of platelet formatting thromboxan A2 345
Experiment 5.36 The competitive antagonistic effect of diphenhydra mine on histamine and the measurement of pA2 347
Chapter 6 Experiments of anti-inflammatory drugs 351
Experiment 6.1 Effect on Intraabdominal capillary permeability of mouse by injection of hydrocortisone 351
Experiment 6.2 Effect of indomethacin on auricular tumescence induced by croton oil in mice 353
Experiment 6.3 Effect of indomethacin on tumescence produced in the hind paw of the rat by injecting carragheenin 354
Experiment 6.4 Effect of dexamethasone on the rat's granuloma 356
Experiment 6.5 Effect of drugs on the experimental pleuritis 357
Experiment 6.6 Effect of drugs on immune inflammation 358
Experiment 6.7 Anti-inflammatory experiment related to excision of the rat's bilateral adrenal gland 359
Experiment 6.8 Determination of the enzyme activity of lysosome 360
Experiment 6.9 Radioimmunoassay of TXB2 361
Experiment 6.10 Determination of the Leukocyte-Glucocorticoid receptor 363
Chapter 7 Experiments of chemotherapeutic drugs 365
Ⅰ．Antibacterial experiment 365
Experiment 7.1 Assay the antibacterial activity in vitro of norfloxacin,ofloxacin,and cinrofloxacin 369
Experiment 7.2 The protective test of norfloxacin on in vivo infection of mice 372
Ⅱ．Experiments of antitumor drugs 373
Experiment 7.3 Methylene blue tube method of screening anti-tumor drug primarily 374
Experiment 7.4 Therapeutic effect of 5-FU on mice sarcoma S180 376
Experiment 7.5 Human cancer's grafting under kidney capsule of mice(nude mouse) 378
Chapter 8 Experiments of contraceptives 380
Experiment 8.1 Anti-ovulation effect of norethisterone(copulation method) 382
Chapter 9 Experiments of anti-aging drugs 384
Ⅰ．Genetic theory 384
Experiment 9.1 Longevity test of drosophila 384
Ⅱ．Free radical theory 386
Experiment 9.2 The determination of lipid peroxide 386
Experiment 9.3 The assay to determine superoxide dismutase(SOD) 387
Ⅲ．Effects of drugs on immunological function 389
Experiment 9.4 The Assay To Weigh The Immune Organs 389
Experiment 9.5 The Assay To Determine Function Of The Mononuclear Phagocytes 390
Ⅳ．Drug's effect on stress 392
Experiment 9.6 Hypoxia tolerance test of mice 392
Experiment 9.7 The Cold-resistant Test of Mice 393
Experiment 9.8 The Swimming Test of Mice 394
Ⅴ．The effects on the central nervous system 395
Experiment 9.9 The Test Of The Activity Of The Monoamine oxidase-B 395
Chapter 10 Application of cell culture technology in pharmacological research 397
Experiment 10.1 Nerve cell culture 398
Experiment 10.2 Culture of endothelial cells of cerebral microvessels of rat 399
Experiment 10.3 Subculture of primary cultured cells 400
Experiment 10.4 Method of frozen storage of cells 401
Experiment 10.5 Revivification and culture of PC 12 cell strain 403
Experiment 10.6 Protective effect of Tetrandrine on neuronal injury of cultured cortical neurons of rat brain 404
Experiment 10.7 Effect of cyclosporin A on uptaking Rhodamine 123 in cultured endothelial cells of cerebral micravessel of rats 405
Experiment 10.8 Effect of nifedipine on elevation of PC12 intracellular calcium induced by hyperkalemia 407
Experiment 10.9 Culture of bovine aortic endothelial cell 409
Experiment 10.10 Primary Cultures of Cardiac myocytes in Neonatal Rat 410
Experiment 10.11 Culture of bovine aortic endothelial cell 412
Chapter 11 Evaluation of drug safety 414
Ⅰ．Drug toxicity test 414
Experiment 11.1 LD50 determination of Procaine 414
Experiment 11.2 Mutagenicity Assay of Rat Salmonella Typhimurium 430
Experiment 11.3 Bone marrow's polychromatic erythrocytes micronucleus test of mice 438
Ⅱ．Safety limit of preparation experiment 443
Experiment 11.4 Pyrogen Experiment 443
Experiment 11.5 Irritation Test 446
Experiment 11.6 Hypersensitivity test 448
Experiment 11.7 Hypotensive substance test 450
Experiment 11.8 Haemolyticus test 452