PART Ⅰ THE PROTOPLASMIC UNIT 1
1．The Protoplasmic Unit 5
PART Ⅱ EXTRANEOUS COATS 33
2．General Characteristics of Extraneous Coats and Methods of Investigation 35
3．Extraneous Coats of Plant Cells 50
4．Extraneous Coats of Animal Cells 63
5．Role of Intercellular Cement in Cell Organization 75
PART Ⅲ THE PROTOPLASMIC SURFACE FILM 89
6．The Protoplasmic Surface Film as a Barrier 91
7．New Formation of the Protoplasmic Surface Film 100
8．Physical Properties of the Protoplasmic Surface Film 105
9．Nature of the Protoplasmic Surface Film:An Hypothesis 114
PART Ⅳ THE ACTION OF SALTS ON PROTOPLASM 119
10．Critique of Immersion Studies of the Effects of Salts on Protoplasm 121
11．Effects of Salts Microinjected into Protoplasm 131
PART Ⅴ HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION OF CELL COMPONENTS 141
12．Critique of Various Methods of Determining Intracellular pH 143
13．Measurements of pH by Microinjecting Indicators 152
14．Evaluation of Intraprotoplasmic pH Determinations 166
PART Ⅵ PENETRATION OF DYES INTO CELLS AND VITAL STAINING 175
15．Penetration of Dyes by Diffusion 177
16．Penetration of Dyes by Metabolic Activity 190
PART Ⅶ THE ASTER,THE SPINDLE,AND CELL DIVISION 197
17．The Aster 199
18．The Spindle 222
19．Cell Division in Echinoderm Eggs 228
20．Cell Division in Cells other than Echinoderm Eggs 253
PART Ⅷ MICROMANIPULATION 259
21．The Micromanipulative Method 261
APPENDICES 279
A．The Technique of Micromanipulation 281
B．Technique of Determining Intracellular pH by the Microinjection Method 295
BIBLIOGRAPHY 299
INDEX 331