Chapter1 Introduction to Computers 1
1.1 The history of computers 1
1.2 Hardware concepts and its development 2
1.2.1 Hardware concepts 3
1.2.2 Development of computing hardware 4
1.3 Development of software 7
1.3.1 The first generation 7
1.3.2 The second generation 7
1.3.3 The third generation 9
1.3.4 The fourth generation 11
1.4 Reading material：Steve Jobs 12
Chapter2 Operating Systems 23
2.1 The history of operating systems 24
2.2 The operating system functions 27
2.2.1 Starting up computers 28
2.2.2 Loading applications 28
2.2.3 Controlling of I/O operations 28
2.2.4 Memory management 29
2.2.5 File management 29
2.2.6 Command interpretation 29
2.3 Modern operating systems 30
2.3.1 UNIX 30
2.3.2 Windows XP 32
2.3.3 Vista 33
2.3.4 Linux 36
2.4 Reading material：Windows7 now“available to all” 38
Chapter3 Programming Languages 50
3.1 Concepts of programming languages 51
3.2 The history of programming languages 51
3.3 Components of programming languages 59
3.3.1 Variables and data types 60
3.3.2 Constants and literals 60
3.3.3 Comments 61
3.3.4 Procedures 62
3.3.5 Functions 64
3.4 Reading material：Where C＃fits in 66
Chapter4 Programming Fundamentals 79
4.1 The organization of programming languages 80
4.1.1 Programming language factors 80
4.1.2 Programming language abstractions 80
4.1.3 Computer language types 83
4.2 The programming statements 83
4.3 Object-Oriented programming 87
4.3.1 Object 87
4.3.2 Class 88
4.3.3 Inheritances 88
4.3.4 Encapsulations 89
4.3.5 Messages 89
4.4 Reading material：Java language 91
Chapter5 Data Structures and Algorithms 101
5.1 Data structures 102
5.1.1 Stacks 102
5.1.2 Queues 102
5.1.3 Trees 103
5.1.4 Array 103
5.1.5 List 103
5.2 The concept of an algorithm 105
5.2.1 The formal definition of an algorithm 105
5.2.2 The abstract nature of algorithms 106
5.3 Algorithm representation 107
5.3.1 Primitives 107
5.3.2 Pseudo code 107
5.4 Common algorithms 111
5.4.1 Recursion 111
5.4.2 Sorting 112
5.4.3 Searching 113
5.5 Reading material：Sorting algorithm 114
Chapter6 Software Engineering 126
6.1 The history of software engineering 126
6.2 Software design fundamentals 127
6.2.1 Stepwise refinement 128
6.2.2 Abstraction 128
6.2.3 Software architecture 128
6.2.4 Data structure 128
6.2.5 Program structure and modularity 128
6.2.6 Software procedure 129
6.2.7 Information hiding 129
6.2.8 Design representation 129
6.3 Traditional design methodology 130
6.4 Modern design methodologies 131
6.4.1 Object oriented technology 132
6.4.2 Prototyping 133
6.5 Tools of modeling 135
6.5.1 Dataflow diagram 135
6.5.2 Data dictionary 136
6.5.3 Unified modeling language 136
6.6 Reading material：Software development process 140
Chapter7 Database Systems 153
7.1 The history of databases 153
7.2 The concepts of databases 154
7.2.1 The relational mode 154
7.2.2 The Structured Query Language（SQL） 155
7.2.3 ACID properties 155
7.3 Database design 156
7.3.1 The definitions and concepts 156
7.3.2 Database normalization 157
7.4 Database warehousing 162
7.4.1 Dimensional design 163
7.4.2 Data warehouse design considerations 164
7.5 Data mining 165
7.6 Reading material：Database management 168
Chapter8 Networking and the Internet 181
8.1 The networking fundamentals 181
8.1.1 Network topology 182
8.1.2 Interface timing 184
8.1.3 Line configuration 185
8.1.4 Data interfaces 185
8.1.5 Network application paradigms 186
8.2 The World Wide Web 187
8.2.1 Web implementation 187
8.2.2 HTML 189
8.3 The application of the Internet 191
8.4 Reading material：Network firewalls 194
Chapter9 Computer Graphics and Images 206
9.1 The fields of computer imagery 206
9.1.1 Graphics 207
9.1.2 Image processing 208
9.1.3 Computer visio 208
9.2 Steps of image processing operations 209
9.3 Graphics software 211
9.3.1 Desktop publishing 211
9.3.2 Electronic publishing（CD-ROMs and the Internet） 212
9.4 Animation 213
9.4.1 Flash 214
9.4.2 3ds Max 215
9.5 Reading material：Digital photography 217
Chapter10 Electronic Commerce 226
10.1 An introduction to electronic commerce 226
10.1.1 The difference between traditional business and E-Commerce 227
10.1.2 The types of E-Commerce 227
10.1.3 Benefits of E-Commerce 228
10.2 Electronic payment system 229
10.2.1 Electronic bank 230
10.2.2 Electronic funds transfer 231
10.2.3 Credit cards and smart cards 231
10.3 E-Commerce security 232
10.4 Reading material：The criminal incentive 234
Chapter11 Artificial Intelligence 242
11.1 An introduction to artificial intelligence 242
11.2 The goals of artificial intelligence 244
11.2.1 Acting humanly 244
11.2.2 Thinking humanly 244
11.2.3 Thinking rationally 244
11.2.4 Acting rationally 245
11.3 The research subjects of AI 245
11.3.1 Solutions to hard problems 245
11.3.2 Automatic translation 245
11.3.3 Intelligent control and intelligent management 246
11.3.4 Intelligent decision-making 246
11.3.5 Intelligent simulation 246
11.3.6 Machine learning 246
11.4 Expert system 246
11.5 Reading material：Genetic algorithm 249
Chapter12 Multimedia 257
12.1 Elements of Multimedia 257
12.1.1 Text 258
12.1.2 Audio sound 258
12.1.3 Static graphics images 258
12.1.4 Animation 258
12.2 Multimedia technologies 258
12.3 Multimedia networking 259
12.4 Applications of multimedia 260
12.4.1 Multimedia in business 260
12.4.2 Multimedia in schools 261
12.4.3 Multimedia at home 262
12.4.4 Multimedia in public places 262
12.4.5 Entertainment 262
12.4.6 Virtual reality 262
12.5 Reading material：Microblogging 263
参考文献 270