1 Classical Electromagnetic Fields 1
1.1 Maxwell's Equations in a Vacuum 2
1.2 Maxwell's Equations in a Medium 4
1.3 Linear Dipole Oscillator 10
1.4 Coherence 17
1.5 Free-Electron Lasers 22
Problems 32
2 Classical Nonlinear Optics 35
2.1 Nonlinear Dipole Oscillator 35
2.2 Coupled-Mode Equations 38
2.3 Cubic Nonlinearity 40
2.4 Four-Wave Mixing with Degenerate Pump Frequencies 43
2.5 Nonlinear Susceptibilities 48
Problems 50
3 Quantum Mechanical Background 51
3.1 Review of Quantum Mechanics 52
3.2 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory 64
3.3 Atom-Field Interaction for Two-Level Atoms 71
3.4 Simple Harmonic Oscillator 82
Problems 86
4 Mixtures and the Density Operator 93
4.1 Level Damping 94
4.2 The Density Matrix 98
4.3 Vector Model of Density Matrix 106
Problems 112
5 CW Field Interactions 117
5.1 Polarization of Two-Level Medium 117
5.2 Inhomogeneously Broadened Media 124
5.3 Counterpropagating Wave Interactions 129
5.4 Two-Photon Two-Level Model 133
5.5 Polarization of Semiconductor Gain Media 139
Problems 146
6 Mechanical Effects of Light 151
6.1 Atom-Field Interaction 152
6.2 Doppler Cooling 157
6.3 The Near-Resonant Kapitza-Dirac Effect 158
6.4 Atom Interferometry 166
Problems 169
7 Introduction to Laser Theory 171
7.1 The Laser Self-Consistency Equations 172
7.2 Steady-State Amplitude and Frequency 175
7.3 Standing-Wave,Doppler-Broadened Lasers 181
7.4 Two-Mode Operation and the Ring Laser 187
7.5 Mode Locking 191
7.6 Single-Mode Semiconductor Laser Theory 194
7.7 Transverse Variations and Gaussian Beams 198
Problems 203
8 Optical Bistability 209
8.1 Simple Theory of Dispersive Optical Bistability 210
8.2 Absorptive Optical Bistability 215
8.3 Ikeda Instability 217
Problems 220
9 Saturation Spectroscopy 223
9.1 Probe Wave Absorption Coefficient 224
9.2 Coherent Dips and the Dynamic Stark Effect 230
9.3 Inhomogeneously Broadened Media 238
9.4 Three-Level Saturation Spectroscopy 241
9.5 Dark States and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency 244
Problems 247
10 Three and Four Wave Mixing 249
10.1 Phase Conjugation in Two-Level Media 250
10.2 Two-Level Coupled Mode Coefficients 253
10.3 Modulation Spectroscopy 255
10.4 Nondegenerate Phase Conjugation by Four-Wave Mixing 259
Problems 260
11 Time-Varying Phenomena in Cavities 263
11.1 Relaxation Oscillations in Lasers 264
11.2 Stability of Single-Mode Laser Operation 267
11.3 Multimode Mode Locking 271
11.4 Single-Mode Laser and the Lorenz Model 274
Problems 276
12 Coherent Transients 281
12.1 Optical Nutation 282
12.2 Free Induction Decay 284
12.3 Photon Echo 285
12.4 Ramsey Fringes 288
12.5 Pulse Propagation and Area Theorem 289
12.6 Self-Induced Transparency 293
12.7 Slow Light 295
Problems 296
13 Field Quantization 299
13.1 Single-Mode Field Quantization 299
13.2 Multimode Field Quantization 302
13.3 Single-Mode Field in Thermal Equilibrium 304
13.4 Coherent States 307
13.5 Coherence of Quantum Fields 311
13.6 Quasi-Probability Distributions 314
13.7 Schr？dinger Field Quantization 318
13.8 The Gross-Pitaevskii Equation 322
Problems 324
14 Interaction Between Atoms and Quantized Fields 327
14.1 Dressed States 328
14.2 Jaynes-Cummings Model 333
14.3 Spontaneous Emission in Free Space 338
14.4 Quantum Beats 344
Problems 348
15 System-Reservoir Interactions 351
15.1 Master Equation 353
15.2 Fokker-Planck Equation 362
15.3 Langevin Equations 364
15.4 Monte-Carlo Wave Functions 369
15.5 Quantum Regression Theorem and Noise Spectra 374
Problems 379
16 Resonance Fluorescence 383
16.1 Phenomenology 384
16.2 Langevin Equations of Motion 387
16.3 Scattered Intensity and Spectrum 390
16.4 Connection with Probe Absorption 396
16.5 Photon Antibunching 400
16.6 Off-Resonant Excitation 403
Problems 405
17 Squeezed States of Light 409
17.1 Squeezing the Coherent State 410
17.2 Two-Sidemode Master Equation 414
17.3 Two-Mode Squeezing 417
17.4 Squeezed Vacuum 421
Problems 425
18 Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics 427
18.1 Generalized Master Equation for the Atom-Cavity System 428
18.2 Weak Coupling Regime 430
18.3 Strong Coupling Regime 432
18.4 Velocity-Dependent Spontaneous Emission 435
18.5 Input-Output Formalism 440
Problems 443
19 Quantum Theory of a Laser 445
19.1 The Micromaser 447
19.2 Single Mode Laser Master Equation 454
19.3 Laser Photon Statistics and Linewidth 460
19.4 Quantized Sidemode Buildup 468
Problems 470
20 Entanglement,Bell Inequalities and Quantum Information 473
20.1 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and Bell Inequalities 473
20.2 Bipartite Entanglement 477
20.3 The Quantum Beam Splitter 480
20.4 Quantum Teleportation 483
20.5 Quantum Cryptography 484
20.6 Toward Quantum Computing 486
Problems 488
References 489
Index 499