Chapter 1．INTRODUCTORY 1
1．Biological assay 1
2．Variability of response 3
3．Statistical methods 5
4．Summary of constants 6
Chapter 2．QUANTAL RESPONSES AND THE DOSAGE-RESPONSE CURVE 8
5．The frequency distribution of tolerance 8
6．Direct measurement of tolerance 12
7．The binomial distribution 14
8．The median effective dose 17
8．1．Notation and terminology 19
Chapter 3．THE ESTIMATION OF THE MEDIAN EFFECTIVE DOSE 20
9．The probit transformation 20
10．The probit regression line 22
11．Precision of the estimates 31
12．Fiducial probability 36
13．Approximate methods of estimation 37
14．History of the probit method 42
15．Alternative tolerance distributions 46
Chapter 4．THE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD SOLUTION 48
16．Working probits 48
17．The regression equation 51
18．Heterogeneity 55
19．Fiducial limits 61
Chapter 5．THE COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS 65
20．Relative potency 65
21．Combination and comparison of relative potencies 73
22．Design of experiments 81
23．Precision of assays 83
24．Mean probit difference 85
25．Unequal tolerance variances 86
Chapter 6．ADJUSTMENTS FOR NATURAL MORTALITY 88
26．Abbott＇s formula 88
27．Approximate estimation of the parameters 89
28．The maximum likelihood estimates 91
Chapter 7．FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS 100
29．Reasons for factorial design 100
30．Qualitative factors 103
31．The probit plane 103
32．Ostwald＇s equation 114
33．The interaction of two factors 116
34．Extensions to several factors 120
Chapter 8．THE TOXIC ACTION OF MIXTURES OF POISONS 122
35．Types of joint action 122
36．Similar action 124
37．A general test for similar action 130
38．Independent action 136
39．Synergistic action 146
40．Planned tests of synergism and similarity 150
41．Compound response curves 153
Chapter 9．MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS 160
42．Variation between batches 160
43．Individual mortality records 165
44．The average kill 170
45．The Parker-Rhodes equation 172
Chapter 10．GRADED RESPONSES 183
46．The linear dosage-response curve 183
47．Quantitative responses and the probit transformation 185
48．Semiquantal responses 197
Chapter 11．RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 199
49．Alternatives to maximum likelihood estimation 199
50．Wadley＇s problem 203
51．A factorial experiment 205
52．Incomplete replication in complex experiments 211
53．Theory of independent action 215
54．Estimation of a percentage point 218
55．Staircase estimation 226
56．The meaning of standard errors 232
Appendix Ⅰ．THE COMPUTING OF PROBIT ANALYSES 236
Appendix Ⅱ．MATHEMATICAL BASIS OF THE PROBIT METHOD 246
References 255
Tables 264
Ⅰ．Transformation of percentages to probits 264
Ⅱ．The weighting coefficient and Q/Z 268
Ⅲ．Maximum and minimum working probits and range 295
Ⅳ．Working probits 296
Ⅴ．The probability,P．the ordinate,Z,and Z2 306
Ⅵ．Distribution of X2 307
Ⅶ．Distribution of i 308
Ⅷ．The weighting coefficient in Wadley＇s problem 309
Ⅸ．Minimum working probit,range,and weighting coefficient for inverse sampling 310
Index of Authors 311
Index of Subjects 313