目 录 7
第一章引言美国的石油和天然气工业·························· 7
第二章石油与天然气的勘探································ 15
引言········································ 15
石油与天然气的地面和地下勘探···························· 16
地球物理勘探——现状································ 19
地震勘探法····································· 25
地震勘探技术的新发展································ 36
石油源岩的评价······························ 42
近海石油与天然气勘查的地球化学油气苗探测······················ 44
第三章石油与天然气井的钻进·························· 47
引言 ·································· 47
勘探钻井与炮眼钻井 ················ 50
旋转钻机装置···································· 51
钻机的运输····································· 56
旋转钻井设备···································· 59
定向钻井······································ 61
钻头 ··· 65
钻井液······································· 73
钻井泥浆循环系统·································· 82
取心钻井······································ 87
油管与套管——美国石油学会标准··························· 89
刚性油管柱的设计要求································ 92
钻井控制和自动化系统 ···························· 95
第四章井的完成······································ 99
完井介绍——引言·································· 99
井的完成····································· 101
生产试验····································· 103
近海测试系统··································· 105
石油与天然气的生产······························· 107
人工提升····································· 122
油井大修作业··································· 125
离心泵采油 ································· 128
油井增产措施··································· 129
深井的增产措施·································· 130
使用XANCO-FRAC进行水力压裂·························· 132
美国提高原油采收率的技术····························· 134
马拉注入法：用胶束-聚合物提高采收率························ 136
热力采油装置的热密封封隔器···························· 137
用活性氧化铁除去钻井泥浆中的硫化氢························ 138
控制石蜡的问题·································· 139
防喷器设备···································· 141
钢丝绳技术···································· 147
同心管缸筒和液压缸筒修井设备··························· 149
引言······································ 151
第五章近海钻井设备··············· 151
海上钻井设备布置······························ 155
驱动近海钻井设备的动力系统···························· 156
521 9千瓦燃气轮机压缩机系统························ 161
半潜式的海上浮动钻井作业·························· 162
自升式装置操作指南····························· 172
自升式钻井采油平台·························· 182
拖航、系泊和定位······························ 184
水下开采···································· 189
第六章管道·························· 193
经济情况概述··································· 193
管道设计基础····························· 193
管道管材的要求·································· 197
在沼泽泥泞地区铺设管道······························ 199
深水铺管方法·························· 203
海底下面铺管································ 204
管道的自动焊接···························· 205
管道防护····································· 208
清管器······································ 211
管道原动机···································· 218
声速流喷咀作为临界流校准仪···························· 221
为燃气轮机和柴油机蒸馏燃料油品·························· 223
第七章 自动化与控制·································· 225
油、气田生产自动化································ 225
利用小型计算机的透平机械监护系统························· 228
海上天然气多井平台自动化····························· 229
管线的全面控制·································· 235