Introduction 1
1．Rural to Urban 1830-1850 13
Ⅰ．A New World 13
Ⅱ．The Challenge to Thinking 38
2．Nature 55
Ⅰ．Darwin and the Impact of Science 55
Ⅱ．Cosmologies and Anthropomorphisms:Darwin,Spencer,and Ruskin 70
Ⅲ．Beyond Nature and After Religion:The Future in J.S.Mill and T.H.Huxley 87
3．Religion 98
Ⅰ．1830-1850:Evangelicalism,the Broad Church,and Tractarianism 103
Ⅱ．The Mid-Victorian Change 125
4．Mind 158
Ⅰ．'The New Psychology':Psychology as a Branch of Science 163
Ⅱ．'Psychology is pre-eminently a philosophical science' 173
Ⅲ．Psychology,the Unconscious,and Literature 185
5．Conditions of Literary Production 197
Ⅰ．The Literary Profession,the Book Trade and Culture 201
Ⅱ．The Rise of Prose 222
Ⅲ．New Voices 234
6．The Drama 257
7．Debatable Lands:Variety of Form and Genre in the Early Victorian Novel 272
Ⅰ．Post-Aristocratic:Bulwer-Lytton,Disraeli,and Kingsley 272
Ⅱ．Post-Aristocratic:Thackeray versus Dickens 296
8．Alternative Fictions 318
Ⅰ．The Sensation Novel 321
Ⅱ．Fairy Tales and Fantasies 335
9．High Realism 358
Ⅰ．Two Novels of the 1830s and their Legacy 360
Ⅱ．Trollope and George Eliot 372
10．Lives and Thoughts 404
Ⅰ．Life-Writing 407
Ⅱ．Writings about Life 435
11．Poetry 456
Ⅰ．The Form in Difficulties 456
Ⅱ．Long Poems and Sequence Poems 482
Ⅲ．From May to September:Poetry and Belief 512
Conclusion 534
Author Bibliographies 555
Suggestions for Further Reading 610
Index 617
1．Francis Galton,Composites ofMembers ofa Family(Reproduced by permission of University College London Library(Galton Papers)) 8
2．Gustave Doré,Under the Viaduct,London,1872(Reproduced from William Blanchard Jerrold,London,A Pilgrimage,1872) 16
3．Waterhouse Hawkins,Skeletons,1863(Reproduced from T.H.Huxley,Man's Place in Nature,1863) 64
4．J.M.W.Turner,Rouen from St.Catherine's Hill,c.1832(Reproduced by permission of Agnew's,London) 82
5．J.Buckley,Revd C.H.Spurgeon,1858(Reproduced from The New Park Street Pulpit,1858) 106
6．F.Bridges,'Symbolical Chart of Phrenology',c.1848(Reproduced from the Frazer Collection,Sydney Jones Library,University of Liverpool) 164
7．Frontispiece for The Penny Magazine,1832(Reproduced by permission of the British Library) 207
8．Pencil portrait of Christina Rossetti by D.G.Rossetti(Reproduced by permission of the Victoria and Albert Museum) 244
9．(a)Daniel Maclise,Dickens as a young man,1839;(b)R.H.Mason,Charles Dickens,1864-5(Reproduced by permission of(a)the National Portrait Gallery;(b)the Dickens House Museum) 308
10．John Tenniel,'Alice',1871(Reproduced from Lewis Carroll,Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There(1871),ch.1) 347
11．Frederic Burton,George Eliot,1865(Reproduced by permission of the National Portrait Gallery) 388
12．(a)Elliott and Fry,Carlyle,c.1865;(b)Ruskin,Self-Portrait,1874(Reproduced by permission of(a)the National Portrait Gallery;(b)the Ruskin Foundation(Ruskin Library,University of Lancaster)) 445
13．Tennyson,In Memoriam 123,Trinity manuscript(Reproduced by permission of Trinity College,Cambridge) 479
14．W.Holman Hunt,The Lady of Shalott,1857(？Manchester Art Galleries) 523
15．A.W.N.Pugin,'Contrasted Crosses',1841(Reproduced from Pugin,Contrasts,1841) 551