Chapter 1 What Is Action Research? 1
1.1 What is action research? 2
1.2 Why should I do action research?I'm a teacher not a researcher! 7
1.3 What are the steps in action research? 9
1.4 How is AR different from other kinds of research? 12
1.5 Is action research the same as reflecting on your teaching? 17
1.6 Summary point 23
Chapter 2 Plan-Planning the Action 27
2.1 Finding your focus 28
2.2 Developing and refining your questions 36
2.3 Getting permission and covering ethical issues 40
2.4 Preparing your resources and materials 47
2.5 Summary point 58
Chapter 3 Act-Putting the Plan into Action 65
3.1 Collecting your data 65
3.2 Observing and describing：What do I need to see? 68
3.3 Asking and discussing：What do I need to know? 88
3.4 Cross-checking and strengthening the information 112
3.5 Summary point 114
Chapter 4 Observe-Observing the Results of the Plan 121
4.1 Preparing for data analysis 121
4.2 Analysing and synthesising qualitative data 125
4.3 Analysing and synthesising quantitative data 139
4.4 Validity in action research：Making sure your conclusions are trustworthy 152
4.5 Summary point 157
Chapter 5 Reflect-Reflecting and Planning for Further Action 165
5.1 Reflecting in the AR cycle 166
5.2 Planning the next steps 170
5.3 Sharing with others 174
5.4 On with the action! 193
5.5 Summary point 195
5.6 Final words 196
Postscript：Action Research in Action 199
Developing learners'self-assement skills&S.K.AL-Sinani 201
Watching to learn or learning to watch&A.Van Eysden 213
打破大学英语课堂中的沉默——提高课堂互动的行动研究&程熙旭 223
Further Reading and Resources 233
Index 239