Introduction 1
ChapterⅠ Shaping of Thought of Gary Snyder 7
1.1 Close Relationship to Nature in Childhood 7
1.2 Chinese Culture 10
1.3 Zen：Reading and Practice 18
ChapterⅡ Ecological Philosophy of Gary Snyder 22
2.1 Ecological Philosophy in the 20th Century 22
2.1.1 Expansion of the Boundary：from Animal Rights to Land Ethic 22
2.1.2 Ecological Philosophy：from Shallow to Deep Ecology 25
2.2 Gary Snyder's Deep Ecology：Buddhist Ecological Philosophy 32
2.2.1 Ecological Wisdom of Buddhism 33
2.2.2 Indra's Net 38
2.2.3 Expansion of Sangha and Bioregionalism 51
ChapterⅢ Ecology and Poetry：Gary Snyder's Ecopoetry and Ecopoetics 56
3.1 Gary Snyder's Ecopoetry：Poetry of Place and Bioregion 57
3.2 Strategies of Ecopoetry 64
3.3 Gary Snyder's Poetics：Poetry and Poets in Ecological Crisis 71
ChapterⅣ Zen and Poetry：Zen Poetry of Gary Snyder 82
4.1 Gary Snyder on Zen and Poetry 82
4.1.1 Poetry Writing and Zazen 82
4.1.2 Poetic Language and Zen 85
4.1.3 Work，Poetry and Zen 89
4.2 Gary Snyder's Zen Poetry 91
4.2.1 Enlightenment in Poetry 91
4.2.2 Koan in Poetry 100
4.2.3 Illogical Way of Thinking in Snyder's Zen Poetry 104
Conclusion 108
Appendices 113
Ⅰ Chronology 113
Ⅱ斯奈德诗作中译篇目辑录 116
Ⅲ中国斯奈德研究资料辑录 119
Ⅳ翻译与生态思想——重读斯奈德译寒山诗 129
Ⅴ“道非道”：美国垮掉派诗人与佛禅 136
Ⅵ从生态意识看20世纪美国自然诗的流变 143
Selected Bibliography 153
Acknowledgements 161