制造工程与技术——机加工 1
影印改编版序 1
Machining Processes and Machine Tools 1
13 Fundamentals of Machining 4
13.1 Introduction 4
13.2 Mechanics of Cutting 6
13.3 Cutting Forces and Power 16
13.4 Temperatures in Cutting 19
13.5 Tool Life: Wear and Failure 22
13.6 Surface Finish and Integrity 29
13.7 Machinability 31
Summary 35
Key Terms 36
Bibliography 36
Review Questions 36
Qualitative Problems 37
Quantitative Problems 37
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 38
14 Cutting-Tool Materials and Cutting Fluids 39
14.1 Introduction 39
14.2 High-speed Steels 43
14.3 Cast-cobalt Alloys 44
14.4 Carbides 44
14.5 Coated Tools 48
14.6 Alumina-based Ceramics 52
14.7 Cubic Boron Nitride 53
14.8 Silicon-nitride-based Ceramics 53
14.9 Diamond 53
14.10 Whisker-reinforced Materials and Nanomaterials 54
14.11 Tool Costs and Reconditioning of Tools 55
14.12 Cutting Fluids 55
Summary 60
Key Terms 60
Bibliography 61
Review Questions 61
Qualitative Problems 61
Quantitative Problems 62
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 62
15 Machining Processes: Turning and Hole Making 63
15.1 Introduction 63
15.2 The Turning Process 66
15.3 Lathes and Lathe Operations 74
15.4 Boring and Boring Machines 89
15.5 Drilling, Drills, and Drilling Machines 91
15.6 Reaming and Reamers 100
15.7 Tapping and Taps 101
Summary 103
Key Terms 104
Bibliography 104
Review Questions 104
Qualitative Problems 105
Quantitative Problems 105
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 106
16 Machining Processes: Milling, Broaching, Sawing,Filing, and Gear Manufacturing 107
16.1 Introduction 107
16.2 Milling and Milling Machines 108
16.3 Planing and Shaping 122
16.4 Broaching and Broaching Machines 123
16.5 Sawing 126
16.6 Filing 129
16.7 Gear Manufacturing by Machining 129
Summary 137
Key Terms 138
Bibliography 138
Review Questions 138
Qualitative Problems 139
Quantitative Problems 139
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 140
17 Machining Centers, Machine-Tool Structures,and Machining Economics 141
17.1 Introduction 141
17.2 Machining Centers 142
17.3 Machine-tool Structures 150
17.4 Vibration and Chatter in Machining Operations 154
17.5 High-speed Machining 157
17.6 Hard Machining 159
17.7 Ultraprecision Machining 159
17.8 Machining Economics 161
Summary 165 Key Terms 165
Bibliography 165
Review Questions 165
Qualitative Problems 166
Quantitative Problems 166
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 166
18 Abrasive Machining and Finishing Operations 167
18.1Introduction 167
18.2Abrasives and Bonded Abrasives 169
18.3The Grinding Process 175
18.4Grinding Operations and Machines 184
18.5Design Considerations for Grinding 192
18.6Ultrasonic Machining 192
18.7Finishing Operations 194
18.8Deburring Operations 198
18.9 Economics of Abrasive Machining and Finishing Operations 201
Summary 202
Key Terms 203
Bibliography 203
Review Questions 204
Qualitative Problems 204
Quantitative Problems 205
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 205
19 Advanced Machining Processes 207
19.1Introduction 207
19.2Chemical Machining 209
19.3Electrochemical Machining 213
19.4Electrochemical Grinding 216
19.5Electrical-discharge Machining 217
19.6Laser-beam Machining 222
19.7Electron-beam Machining 225
19.8Water-jet Machining 226
19.9Abrasive-jet Machining 227
19.10Hybrid Machining Systems 228
19.11 Econonics of Advanced Machining Processes 229
Summary 232
Key Terms 232
Bibliography 232
Review Questions 233
Qualitative Problems 233
Quantitative Problems 233
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 234
Micromanufacturing and Fabrication of Microelectronic Devices 235
20Fabrication of Microelectronic Devices 238
20.1 Introduction 238
20.2 Clean Rooms 241
20.3 Semiconductors and Silicon 242
20.4 Crystal Growing and Wafer Preparation 243
20.5 Film Deposition 246
20.6 Oxidation 247
20.7 Lithography 248
20.8 Etching 256
20.9 Diffusion and Ion Implantation 264
20.10 Metallization and Testing 266
20.11 Wire Bonding and Packaging 268
20.12 Yield and Reliability 273
20.13 Printed Circuit Boards 274
Summary 275
Key Terms 276
Bibliography 276
Review Questions 277
Qualitative Problems 277
Quantitative Problems 278
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 278
21Fabrication of Microelectromechanical Devices and Systems and Nanoscale Manufacturing 279
21.1 Introduction 279
21.2 Micromachining of MEMS Devices 281
21.3 The LIGA Microfabrication Process 292
21.4 Solid Free-form Fabrication of Devices 298
21.5 Nanoscale Manufacturing 303
Summary 306
Key Terms 306
Bibliography 306
Review Questions 307
Qualitative Problems 307
Quantitative Problems 308
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 308
Surface Technology 309
22Surface Roughness and Measurement; Friction,Wear, and Lubrication 311
22.1 Introduction 311
22.2 Surface Structure and Integrity 312
22.3 Surface Texture and Roughness 313
22.4 Friction 317
22.5 Wear 321
22.6 Lubrication 324
22.7 Metalworking Fluids and Their Selection 326
Summary 330
Key Terms 330
Bibliography 331
Review Questions 331
Qualitative Problems 331
Quantitative Problems 332
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 332
23Surface Treatments, Coatings, and Cleaning 333
23.1 Introduction 333
23.2 Mechanical Surface Treatments 334
23.3 Mechanical Plating and Cladding 336
23.4 Case Hardening and Hard Facing 336
23.5 Thermal Spraying 337
23.6 Vapor Deposition 339
23.7 Ion Implantation and Diffusion Coating 342
23.8 Laser Treatments 342
23.9 Electroplating, Electroless Plating, and Electroforming 343
23.10 Conversion Coatings 346
23.11 Hot Dipping 347
23.12 Porcelain Enameling; Ceramic and Organic Coatings 348
23.13 Diamond Coating and Diamondlike Carbon 349
23.14 Surface Texturing 350
23.15 Painting 350
23.16 Cleaning of Surfaces 351
Summary 353
Key Terms 353
Bibliography 353
Review Questions 354
Qualitative Problems 354
Quantitative Problems 354
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 355
Manufacturing in a Competitive Environment 357
24Automation of Manufacturing Processes 359
24.1 Introduction 359
24.2 Automation 361
24.3 Numerical Control 368
24.4 Adaptive Control 374
24.5 Material Handling and Movement 376
24.6 Industrial Robots 379
24.7 Sensor Technology 385
24.8 Flexible Fixturing 389
24.9 Assembly Systems 391
24.10 Design Considerations for Fixturing, Assembly, Disassembly,and Servicing 394
24.11 Economic Considerations 397
Summary 397
Key Terms 398
Bibliography 398
Review Questions 399
Qualitative Problems 399
Quantitative Problems 400
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 400
25Computer-Aided Manufacturing 401
25.1 Introduction 401
25.2 Manufacturing Systems 402
25.3 Computer-integrated Manufacturing 402
25.4 Computer-aided Design and Engineering 405
25.5 Computer-aided Manufacturing 412
25.6 Computer-aided Process Planning 412
25.7 Computer Simulation of Manufacturing Processes and Systems 415
25.8 Group Technology 416
Summary 423
Key Terms 423
Bibliography 423
Review Questions 424
Qualitative Problems 424
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 424
26Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems 425
26.1 Introduction 425
26.2 Cellular Manufacturing 426
26.3 Flexible Manufacturing Systems 428
26.4 Holonic Manufacturing 430
26.5 Just-in-time Production 432
26.6 Lean Manufacturing 433
26.7 Communications Networks in Manufacturing 435
26.8 Artificial Intelligence 437
26.9 Economic Considerations 440
Summary 440
Key Terms 441
Bibliography 441
Review Questions 442
Qualitative Problems 442
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 442
27Product Design and Process Selection in a Competitive Environment 443
27.1 Introduction 443
27.2 Product Design 444
27.3 Product Quality and Life Expectancy 447
27.4 Life-cycle Assessment and Sustainable Manufacturing 448
27.5 Material Selection for Products 450
27.6 Material Substitution 454
27.7 Manufacturing Process Capabilities 456
27.8 Process Selection 460
27.9 Manufacturing Costs and Cost Reduction 464
Summary 469
Key Terms 469
Bibliography 470
Review Questions 470
Qualitative Problems 470
Synthesis, Design, and Projects 471