Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Theories of Laughter and Humor:a Brief Review 5
1.1.1 Socio-Ethical Implications of Laughter 7
1.1.2 Laughter from Pleasurable Self-Recognition 9
1.1.3 Laughter from Mental Relief 10
1.1.4 Laughter at Incongruity 11
1.1.5 Laughter of Human and Social Nature 12
1.2 Verbal Humor—Key Notions 14
1.2.1 The Clock of Humor,with the Long Hand of Wit and the Short Hand of Banter 14
1.2.2 Humor:Instrumental or Observable 23
1.3 The Organizational Framework of the Book 35
1.3.1 General Description:Verbal Humor,Linguistics,and Public Speaking 35
1.3.2 Organizational Framework 37
Chapter 2 Redundancy in Discourse and the Language of Humor in Public Speaking 41
2.1 Redundancy,Entropy,and Predictability 42
2.1.1 Context 43
2.1.2 Meaning 44
2.1.3 Form 48
2.2 Correlation Between and Inside Meaning Redundancy and Form Redundancy 68
2.2.1 Correlation of Agreement and Correlation of Contrast 68
2.2.2 Local Shifts of Entropy and Redundancy 70
2.3 The Functioning of Oral Humor in Public Speaking and Discoursal Redundancy 72
2.3.1 Methods of Public Speaking Presentation and Their Stylistic Features 73
2.3.2 Possibility of Humor in the Three Presentation Methods of Public Speaking 79
2.3.3 Locus of Humor and Shared Knowledge vs Redundancy in Discourse 81
2.3.4 Types of Redundant and Entropic Shifts inside Public Speaking Discourses 83
2.4 Summary 93
Chapter 3 The Incongruity Theory and Situational Observable Humor 94
3.1 The Incongruity Theory of Humor 96
3.1.1 Shared Knowledge Revisited:Incongruities against Shared Knowledge 98
3.1.2 Incongruities of High Interpretability and Enjoyability 101
3.1.3 Incongruities and Human Interest 112
3.1.4 Incongruities as Butts of Laughter:Six Prototypes 116
3.1.5 Incongruities:a Shrug but Not a Shock 130
3.2 Incongruity Reflected in Situational Observable Humor 132
3.2.1 Uniformed ObsHmr Situ 133
3.2.2 Mixed ObsHmr Situ 144
3.3 Summary 146
Chapter 4 Form and Meaning Deviation in Humor of an Instrumental Nature 148
4.1 Humorous Incongruity through Form Deviation 152
4.1.1 Sound-Oriented Deviation:Phonetics and Phonology 153
4.1.2 Lexis-Oriented Deviation 161
4.1.3 Syntax-Oriented Deviation 168
4.2 Humorous Incongruity through Meaning Deviation 179
4.2.1 Semantics-Oriented Deviation 179
4.2.2 Pragmatics-Oriented Deviation 192
4.3 Summary 208
4.3.1 More Probable Cancelability of Incongruity in Humor of an Instrumental Nature 208
4.3.2 Summary 211
Chapter 5 Public Speaking Humor as Metaphor in Ideational and/or Interpersonal Rhetoric 213
5.1 Humorous Metaphor as Rhetoric:Cognitively Speaking 215
5.1.1 How Intentional Humor is identified with Metaphor 215
5.1.2 Metaphor and Metaphorization of Language 223
5.1.3 Between Metaphor and Nonmetaphor 224
5.1.4 Ideational and Interpersonal Rhetoric 227
5.2 Public Speaking Humor as Metaphor in Rhetoric 230
5.2.1 Meta-Metaphoric Humor:Speaker's Verbal Self-Reflexive Behavior 230
5.2.2 Humor as Word-Level Metaphor in a Sentential Frame,or Sentence-Level Metaphor 242
5.2.3 Humorous Metaphor at the Discourse Level 249
5.2.4 Resemblance Proximity in Humorous Metaphors 252
5.3 Public Speaking Humorous Metaphor in Ideational and Interpersonal Rhetoric:Some Case Analyses 259
5.3.1 Public Speaking Humorous Metaphor in Ideational Rhetoric 260
5.3.2 Public Speaking Humorous Metaphor in Interpersonal Rhetoric 280
5.4 Summary 293
Conclusion 296
A．General Summary 296
B．General Significance 305
Bibliography 322