Chapter 1 Manuscript Form and Punctuation 1
1 Manuscript Form 1
1．Arrangement 1
2．Word Division 2
3．Capitalization 3
4．Handwriting 4
2 Punctuation 4
1．The Comma(,) 4
2．The Period(.) 6
3．The Semicolon(;) 7
4．The Colon(:) 8
5．The Question Mark(?) 9
6．The Exclamation Mark(!) 10
7．Quotation Marks("...") 10
8．Parentheses/Brackets((...)) 12
9．Square Brackets([...]) 12
10．The Dash(-) 12
11．The Slash(/) 14
12．Underlining and Italics 14
Keys for Reference 15
Chapter 2 Using Proper Words 17
1 Types of Words 17
2 Choice of Words 19
3 Synonyms 20
4 Some Good Dictionaries 21
Keys for Reference 34
Chapter 3 Making Correct and Effective Sentences 43
1 Correct Sentences 43
1．Completeness in Structure 43
2．The Right Subject 45
3．Agreement Between the Subject and the Predicate Verb 46
4．Agreement Between Pronoun and Antecedent 49
5．Clear Pronoun Reference 50
6．Ending Sentences with Full Stops 52
7．Joining Clauses with Conjunctions 52
8．A Main Clause in a Complex Sentence 53
9．Proper Use of Comparisons 54
10．Correct Use of the Tenses 55
2 Coordination and Subordination 57
3 Effective Sentences 60
1．Unity 61
2．Coherence 62
3．Conciseness 65
4．Emphasis 67
5．Variety 73
6．Avoid Chinglish 77
Keys for Reference 80
Chapter 4 Developing Paragraphs 93
1 Features of a Paragraph 93
2 Ways of Developing a Paragraph 95
1．Development by Time 96
2．Development by Process 98
3．Development by Space 101
4．Development by Example 103
5．Development by Comparison and Contrast 106
6．Development by Cause and Effect 109
7．Development by Classification 111
Keys for Reference 115
Chapter 5 Summarizing 120
1 Uses of Summary-Writing 120
2 Procedure 121
1．Reading 121
2．Writing 121
3．Revision 122
Keys for Reference 125
Chapter 6 Composing Essays 127
1 Criteria of a Good Composition 127
2 Steps in Writing a Composition 128
1．Planning a Composition 128
2．Writing the First Draft 135
3．Revising the First Draft 135
4．Making the Final Copy 136
3 Three Main Parts of a Composition 137
1．The Beginning 137
2．The Middle 138
3．The End 138
4 Types of Writing 138
1．Narration 138
2．Exposition 146
Keys for Reference 186
Chapter 7 Writing for Practical Purposes 194
1 Notices 194
2 Greetings,Good Wishes,and Formal Invitations 199
1．Greetings 199
2．Good Wishes 202
3．Formal Invitations 203
3 Notes 205
1．Appointments 207
2．Apologies 208
3．Informal Invitations 209
4．Requests 209
5．Thanks 210
6．Messages 211
4 Letters 212
1．Personal Letters 212
2．Business Letters 219
3．Envelopes 228
5 Résumés 233
Keys for Reference 238
Chapter 8 Preparing Research Papers 251
1 Definition and Purpose 251
2 Steps 251
1．Choosing a Topic 251
2．Collecting Information 254
3．Analyzing the Information,Organizing Ideas and Working Out an Outline 260
4．Writing the First Draft 264
5．Revising the Draft and Finalizing the Paper 267
3 Format 268
1．Components of a Paper 268
2．Use of Quotations 269
3．Use of Notes 272
4．Works Cited 274
4 A Sample Research Paper 285
Keys for Reference 292
英文批改／校对符号 297
写作错误统计表 298