Ⅰ Introduction 1
Ⅱ How Plants Become Fossils 14
Ⅲ The Nonvascular Plants 41
Ⅳ The Early Vascular Plants 62
Ⅴ The Ancient Lycopods 89
Ⅵ Ancient Scouring Rushes and Their Relatives 129
Ⅶ Paleozoic Fernlike Foliage 157
Ⅷ The Ancient Ferns 169
Ⅸ The Pteridosperms 204
Ⅹ Cycadophytes and Ginkgos 248
Ⅺ The Cordaitales 280
Ⅻ The Ancient Conifers 302
ⅩⅢ Ancient Flowering Plants 333
ⅩⅣ The Sequence of the Plant World in Geologic Time 366
ⅩⅤ Fossil Plants and Environment 390
ⅩⅥ Paleobotanical Systematics 402
INDEX 417