INTRODUCTION： THINKING ABOUT PUNISHMENT&Michael Tonry 3
PART Ⅰ.CLASSICAL THEORIES 31
1 THE PENAL LAW AND THE LAW OF PARDON&Immanuel Kant 31
2 WRONG [DAS UNRECHT]&G.W.F.Hegel 37
3 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF MORALS AND LEGISLATION&Jeremy Bentham 51
4 PRINCIPLES OF A RATIONAL PENAL CODE&Sheldon Glueck 71
5 THE HUMANITARIAN THEORY OF PUNISHMENT&C.S.Lewis 91
6 LEGAL VALUES AND THE REHABILITATIVE IDEAL&Francis Allen 97
PART Ⅱ.RETRIBUTIVE THEORIES7 THE EXPRESSIVE FUNCTION OF PUNISHMENT&Joel Feinberg 111
8 MARXISM AND RETRIBUTION&Jeffie G.Murphy 127
9 A PATERNALISTIC THEORY OF PUNISHMENT&Herbert Morris 147
10 PUNISHMENT AND THE RULE OF LAW&T.M.Scanlon 161
11 PENANCE， PUNISHMENT， AND THE LIMITS&OF COMMUNITY&R.A.Duff 173
PART Ⅲ.MIXED THEORIES 195
12 PROLEGOMENON TO THE PRINCIPLES OF PUNISHMENT&H.L.A.Hart 195
13 PROPORTIONATE SENTENCES： A DESERT PERSPECTIVE&Andrew von Hirsch 207
14 PROPORTIONALITY， PARSIMONY， AND INTERCHANGEABILITY OF PUNISHMENTS&Michael Tonry 217
15 SENTENCING AND PUNISHMENT IN FINLAND： THE DECLINE OF THE REPRESSIVE IDEAL&Tapio Lappi-Seppala 239
16 LIMITING RETRIBUTIVISM&Richard S.Frase 255
17 EXCESSIVE RELATIVE TO WHAT？ DEFINING CONSTITUTIONAL PROPORTIONALITY PRINCIPLES&Richard S.Frase 263
PART Ⅳ. EMOTION， INTUITION， AND&DETERMINISM 271
18 MORALITY AND THE RETRIBUTIVE EMOTIONS&J.L.Mackie 271
19 THE ROLE OF MORAL PHILOSOPHERS IN THE COMPETITION BETWEEN DEONTOLOGICAL AND EMPIRICAL DESERT&Paul H.Robinson 283
20 FOR THE LAW， NEUROSCIENCE CHANGES NOTHING AND EVERYTHING&Joshua Greene and Jonathan Cohen 293
PART Ⅴ. RESTORATIVE THEORIES 319
21 RESTORATION IN YOUTH JUSTICE&Lode Walgrave 319
22 IN SEARCH OF RESTORATIVE JURISPRUDENCE&John Braithwaite 337
23 THE VIRTUES OF RESTORATIVE PROCESSES， THE VICES OF "RESTORATIVE JUSTICE&Paul H.Robinson 353
24 RESTORATIVE PUNISHMENT AND PUNITIVE RESTORATION&R.A.Du 367
PART Ⅵ.SOCIAL THEORIES 387
25 FROM SLAVERY TO MASS INCARCERATION： RETHINKING THE "RACE CUESTION" IN THE US&Loic Wacquant 387
26 LABOR MARKET AND PENAL SANCTION： THOUGHTS ON THE SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE&Georg Rusche 403
27 RULES FOR THE DISTINCTION OF THE NORMAL FROM THE PATHOLOGICAL&Emile Durkheim 415
28 DISCIPLINE AND PUNISH： THE BIRTH OF THE PRISON&Michel Foucault 421