Introduction: Globalisation and Highest Courts&Sam Muller and Sidney Richards 1
1. Introduction: Globalisation and the Law 1
2. The Internationalisation of the Judiciary 2
3. Highest Courts and Globalisation: Themes and Issues 4
3.1 Unity and coherence 5
3.2 Frameworks of judicial legitimacy 11
3.3 Novel concepts and paradigms? 13
3.4 Institutional resources 18
4. Concluding Observations 18
Trans-Judicial Dialogue in a Global World&Guy Canivet 21
1. Introduction 21
2. Why Is It Happening? 23
2.1 Historical reasons 23
2.1.1 Families of legal systems 23
2.1.2 Strengthening legal systems 25
2.2 Contextual reasons 25
2.3 Political reasons 28
2.4 Strategic reasons 29
2.5 Utilitarian reasons 29
3. How Is It Happening? 30
3.1 The development of judicial diplomacy 30
3.1.1 Governmental cooperation 31
3.1.2 Non-governmental cooperation 32
3.2 The development of the international dimension in judicial training 33
3.2.1 Training 33
3.2.2 Exchanges 34
3.2.3 Universities 35
3.3 Information and communication technology 35
3.4 The development of a comparative judicial methodology 36
4. How Far and within Which Parameters? 37
4.1 Ideological limits 37
4.1.1 Elitism 37
4.1.2 Nationalism 38
4.1.3 Exclusion 38
4.2 Judicial limits 38
4.2.1 The incommensurability of legal systems 39
4.2.2 The judge's neutrality in legal training 39
4.3 Institutional limits 40
5. Conclusions 40
The Globalisation of the Law and the Work of the Supreme Court of Canada&Michel Bastarache 41
1. Introduction 41
2. The Use of Non-Domestic Legal Resources in Canada 42
2.1 International instruments and decisions 42
2.2 Judicial borrowing 46
3. Formal and Informal International Networks 52
4. Conclusion 54
The Widening Horizons of Litigation in Britain&Lord Bingham of Cornhill 55
Judicial Co-operation and Communication in the Context of the Hague Conventions&William Duncan 59
1. Introduction 59
1.1 The Hague Conference on private international law 59
2. The International Network of Judges 60
3. Involvement of Judges in Developing and Reviewing the Operation of Hague Conventions 62
4. International Judicial Conferences 62
5. An International Approach to Interpretation of the Hague Conventions 64
6. Conclusions 65
Judicial Globalisation: Supreme Court of India&Justice Ajit Prakash Shah 67
Accommodating Unity&H. Patrick Glenn 85
1. Unity and Diversity 85
2. Accommodating Unity 88
3. Reconciling Legal Unities 92
4. Conclusion 97
Treating Like Cases Alike in the World: The Theoretical Basis of the Demand for Legal Unity&Jeremy Waldron 99
1. A Bracing Environment 99
2. The Lack of Argument 100
3. Learning from Others 101
4. A Need for Harmonisation? 105
5. Treating Like Cases Alike 107
6. The Agency Problem 107
7. The Top-Down Approach 108
8. The Bottom-Up Demand for Consistency 109
9. The Human Rights Community 110
10. Loose or Tight Consistency? 112
11. Conclusion 113
Justice at a New Scale: Introducing a Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Highest Courts' Role in a Globalised Context&Elaine Mak 115
1. Introduction 115
2. The Changing Role of Highest Courts in a Globalised Context 117
2.1 Two types of highest courts: Supreme courts and constitutional courts 117
2.2 A changing role under the effects of globalisation 118
2.3 The development of new practices 120
3. The Theoretical Framework for the Analysis: Constitutional Flexibility 121
3.1 The constitution and changing norms 122
3.2 A frame of reference for a comparative constitutional law analysis 123
3.3 Some methodological considerations 124
4. Conclusion 126
The Inevitable Globalisation of Constitutional Law&Mark Tushnet 129
1. Introduction 129
2. Top-Down Processes of the Globalisation of Constitutional Law 131
3. Bottom-Up Processes of the Globalisation of Constitutional Law 134
4. Qualifications: Counterpressures on the Supply Side 138
5. Races to the Top and Bottom, and Elsewhere 144
6. Conclusion: Globalisation of Domestic Constitutional Law and the Separation of Powers 146
Is the Separation of Powers the Basis for the Legitimacy of an Internationalised Judiciary?&Mitchel de S.-O.-l'E. Lasser 149
1. Introduction 149
2. Four Objections 150
2.1 The variability of the ‘separation of powers' as a concept 150
2.2 The variability of the ‘judiciary' as an institution 151
2.3 The variability of ‘internationalisation' as a legal context 153
2.4 Difficulties with the concept of legitimacy as an abstraction 156
3. Concluding Remarks: Legitimacy and Fundamental Rights 158
Going Global to Preserve Domestic Accountability: The New Role of National Courts&Eyal Benvenisti and George W. Downs 163
1. Introduction 163
2. The Impact of Globalisation on National Decision-Making Processes 164
3. Judicial Cooperation - Emerging Practice 169
3.1 Reviewing global counterterrorism measures 170
3.2 Environmental protection in developing countries 173
3.3 Coordinating the migration into destination countries 176
3.4 Protecting socio-economic rights in developing countries 180
3.5 The potential of and limits to further cooperation 181
4. Assessing the Legitimacy of Inter-Judicial Coordination 183
5. Conclusion 186
List of Contributors 187
Table of Cases 193