CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Problem 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 7
1.3 Objectives 7
1.4 Significance of the Book 7
1.5 Organization of the Book 8
CHAPTER TWO: THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF PRODUCER'S RIGHTS AS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS UNDER ETHIOPIAN LAWS 10
2.1. Brief Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights and Copyright 10
2.1.1. Concept and Scope of Intellectual Property Rights 10
2.1.2. The Nature of Copyright 12
2.1.2.1. General 12
2.1.2.2. Under the Ethiopian Legal Systems 15
2.1.3 Author' s and/or Copyright Owner's Rights 18
2.1.3. 1 Economic rights 20
2.1.3.2 Moral Rights 30
2.1.4 Limitations on the Author's or Copyright Owner's Rights 40
2.1.4.1. Reproductions for Personal Purposes 41
2.1.4.2. Quotation 43
2.1.4.3. Reproduction for Teaching 44
2.1.4.4. Reproduction by Libraries, Archives and Similar Institutions 45
2.1.4.5. Reproduction, Broadcasting and Other Communication to the Public for Informatory Purpose 47
2.1.4.6. Reproduction and Adaptation of Computer Programs 49
2.1.4.7. Importation for Personal Purposes 49
2.1.4.8. Private Performance Free of Charge 50
2.1.4.9. Issuance of Non- voluntary license 51
2.1.4.10. Display of Works and Distribution of Copies of Works 52
2.1.4.11. Lapse of Duration of Economic Rights 53
2.2 Neighboring Rights 55
2.2.1 Origin and Development of Neighboring Rights 55
2.2.2 Nature of Neighboring Rights and Justifications for Protection 59
2.2.2.1 Nature of Neighboring Rights 59
2.2.2.2 Justifications for the Protection of Neighboring Rights 62
2.3 Scope of Application of the Proclamation on Neighboring Rights 64
2.4 Rights of Producers as Subject Matter for Neighboring Rights 65
2.4.1 Reproduction 66
2.4.2 Rental or Lending Rights 68
2.4.3 Distribution Right 69
2.4.4 Importation Right 70
2.4.5 Right of Making Available 71
2.5 Limitations of the Rights of Producers 73
2.6 The Requirement of Labeling a Sound Recording for Commercial Purposes 77
2.7 Rights of Participation of the Producer and Performer 79
CHAPTER THREE: INFRINGEMENT OF THE RIGHTS OF PRODUCER OF SOUND RECORDINGS AND THE AVAILABLE REMEDIES 82
3.1 Infringement on Producer's Rights 82
3.1.1 Introduction 82
3.1.2 Meaning of Infringement: A Definitional Problem 82
3.1.3. Kinds of Infringement 87
3.1.3.1 Direct Infringement 87
3.1.3.2. Indirect (Contributory) Infringement 92
3.2 Reasons for Taking Actions against Infringement 94
3.3 Pool of Infringement 99
3.4 Remedies to Infringements on Producer's Rights 100
3.4.1 Introduction 100
3.4.2 Civil Remedies 102
3.4.2.1 Provisional Measures 104
3.4.2.2 Injunctive relief 106
3.4.2.3 Damages 114
3.4.2.4. Destruction of Illegal Copies 119
3.4.2.5. Border Measures 121
3.4.3. Criminal Sanctions 122
3.4.4. Period of Limitation 124
CHAPTER FOUR: ENFORCEMENT OF THE RIGHTS OF PRODUCER OF SOUND RECORDINGS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS 125
4.1 Brief Analysis of the Existing Problems 125
4.1.1 The Problem of Piracy 125
4.1.2 Methods and Extent of Infringements 129
4.1.3 Means and Outlets of the Infringement 133
4.1.4 Causes of Infringement 135
4.2 Problems in the Laws (Legal Problems) 138
4.2.1 Problems of clarity 138
4.2.1.1 Moral Damages 138
4.2.1.2 Criminal Sanctions 140
4.2.1.3 Jurisdiction of Courts 140
4.2.1.4 Permanent Injunction 141
4.2.1.5 Meaning of Infringement 142
4.2.2 Problems as to Gaps 142
4.2.2.1 Adaptation Right 142
4.2.2.2 Nominal Damages 143
4.2.2.3 Punitive Damages 145
4.2.2.4 Moral Rights 145
4.2.2.5 Assignment and License of Economic Rights 146
4.2.2.6 Regulations and Directives 146
4.2.2.7 Temporary Injunction on Financial Incapacity 147
4.2.3 Possibility of Abusing "Private Use" Limitation 148
4.3 Extra Legal Problems 148
4.3.1 Problems Affiliated With Enforcement Bodies 148
4.3.1.1 The Executive Branch 148
4.3.1.2 The Judiciary 150
4.3.1.3 The Trade Licensing Authority 150
4.3.2 Lack of Awareness: The Right holders as Well as the Public 151
4.3.3 Lack of Organized Professional Associations 153
4.3.4 The Issue of Mobile Vendors 154
4.3.5 Lack of Continuous Coverage in the Media 155
4.4 Changes (Prospects) for the Enforcement of Rights of Producers 155
4.4.2 Accession to WTO 157
4.4.3 Establishment of an Independent Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office 158
4.4.4 The Move for the Establishment of Collective Copyright Management Society 160
4.4.5 Activities Done by the Ethiopian Audio-Visual Producer Association 161
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 164
Bibliography 172