CHAPTER 1 Criminal Profiling: A Continuing History&Gareth Norris 1
Introduction 2
Early Beginnings 3
James Brussel and Forensic Psychiatry 5
The Federal Bureau of Investigation and Crime Scene Analysis 6
David Canter and Investigative Psychology 9
Kim Rossmo and Geographical Profiling 10
Brent Turvey and Behavioral Evidence Analysis 11
Conclusion 12
CHAPTER 2 Induction and Deduction in Criminal Profiling&Wayne Petherick 17
Introduction 17
Logic and Criminal Profiling 18
Inductive Criminal Profiling 27
Applied Inductive Profiling 28
Deductive Criminal Profiling 31
The Logic of Deductive Criminal Profiling 32
Practical Application of Deductive Criminal Profiling 33
Conclusion 36
CHAPTER 3 Behavioral Consistency, the Homology Assumption,and the Problems of Induction&Wayne Petherick and Claire Ferguson 39
Introduction 40
Behavioral Consistency 40
The Homology Assumption 48
The Problems of Induction 51
The Problem of Reliability 51
The Problem of Relevance 55
The Problem of Trait Reliance 56
The Relevance of Risk Assessment Research 57
The Problem of Case Linkage 59
Conclusion 63
CHAPTER 4 Criminal Profiling Methods&Wayne Petherick 67
Introduction 68
Criminal Profiling: What Is It? 68
Criminal Investigative Analysis 72
Investigative Psychology 79
Geographic Profiling (Geoprofiling) 83
The Least Effort Principle 84
Distance Decay 84
The Circle Hypothesis 85
Geographic Profiling Computer Systems 87
Diagnostic Evaluations 93
Behavioral Evidence Analysis 97
Conclusion 104
CHAPTER 5 The Fallacy of Accuracy in Criminal Profiling&Wayne Petherick 109
Introduction 109
The Fallacy of Accuracy 111
The Measure of Success 113
Accuracy Rates 114
Problems 115
Suggestions 117
Conclusion 119
CHAPTER 6 Investigative Relevance&Claire Ferguson 123
Goals of Profiling and Inputs and Outputs 124
Inputs and Outputs 125
Accuracy, Utility, and Investigative Relevance 128
An Analysis of Investigative Relevance 130
Results 133
Analysis of Overall Sample 133
Analysis of Sample by Method 134
Diagnostic Evaluations 136
Investigative Psychology 137
Discussion 138
Interpretation of Results 138
Conclusion 141
CHAPTER 7 Metacognition in Criminal Profiling&Barry Woodhouse and Wayne Petherick 145
Introduction 145
Metacognition 146
Metacognitive Monitoring 147
The Role of Competence 148
The Woodhouse Study 149
Method 149
Results 154
Discussion 159
Methodological Considerations 160
Conclusion 164
CHAPTER 8 Criminal Profiling as Expert Evidence&Wayne Petherick, David Field, Andrew Lowe,and Elizabeth Fry 171
Criminal Profiling as Expert Evidence 172
State of Mind and Intent 178
Similar Fact Evidence 179
Staging 180
Rules of Expert Evidence 181
Australian Rules of Expert Evidence 183
Expertise Rule 183
Area of Expertise Rule 184
Factual Basis Rule 185
Common Knowledge Rule 186
Ultimate Issue Rule 187
The Latest Indications on the Status of Profiling 188
R. v. Ranger 188
New Jersey v. Fortin 192
The Estate of Samuel Sheppard v. The State of Ohio 195
R. v. Klymchuk 197
Recommendations 205
Conclusion 209
CHAPTER 9 Where to from Here?&Wayne Petherick 213
Introduction 213
Professionalization 215
The Scientific Method 216
Research 217
Ethics 219
Accountability 222
Education and Training 225
Conclusion 231
CHAPTER 10 Criminal Profilers and the Media: Profiling the Beltway Snipers&Brent E. Turvey and Michael McGrath 235
The First 45 Hours 236
The Synergy of Poor Judgment 237
The Pundits 237
Profilers on the Case 238
Announcing the "Safe Havens" 239
The Response 240
Catching a "Hybrid" 242
The "Snipers" 249
The Motive 250
The Profilers 251
CHAPTER 11 Serial Stalking: Looking for Love in All the Wrong Places?&Wayne Petherick 257
What Is Stalking? 258
Incidence and Prevalence 261
What Makes Something Serial? 264
What Can Be Done about It? 267
Case Studies 271
Robert Zeljko Vidovich 271
Robert D. King 274
Conclusion 277
CHAPTER 12 Serial Rape: An Investigative Approach&Terry Goldsworthy 283
Introduction 284
Rape: Characteristics of the Crime 285
Offender and Victim Relationships and Characteristics 286
A Definition of Serial Rape 287
Typologies of Rape Offenders 288
Characteristics of the Serial Rapist 289
Acquiring the Victim and Committing the Offense 290
Important Aspects for Investigators in Serial Rape Offenses 291
The Investigative Process: A Model for Serial Offenses 293
Crime Scene Stage 296
Initial Assessment Stage 298
Investigation Stage 298
Target Stage 301
Arrest Stage 301
The Issue of Investigative Relevance 302
Issues for Investigators 303
Dedicated Task Force 303
Criminal Profiling 304
Linkage Blindness 305
Conclusion 306
CHAPTER 13 Understanding Serial Sexual Murder:A Biopsychosocial Approach&Robert J. Homant and Daniel B. Kennedy 311
Defining Serial Killing 312
Types of Serial Killers 313
Organized versus Disorganized Serial Killers 316
Incidence of Serial Killing 318
Serial Sexual Sadistic Killing 320
An Illustrative Case 322
Theories of Serial Sexual Sadistic Killing 328
Basic Studies 328
Hickey's Trauma Control Model of the Serial Killer 334
The Motivational Model 335
Arrigo and Purcell: Lust Murder as a Paraphilia 336
Sociological Factors 338
Future Directions 339
Conclusion: Understanding the Serial Sexual Killer 341
CHAPTER 14 Serial Arson&Ross Brogan 351
Methodology of Fire Investigation 357
The Arsonist 360
Case Studies 362
The "City" Arsonist 362
"Hurricane Harry" 364
Sean Broom 365
Cameron Burgess 366
Firefighters and Arson 368
A Special Case: John Leonard Orr 369
Conclusion 370
Index 375