Chapter 1. Cartels 4
A. Introduction 4
B. Law and Attitude Towards Cartels 4
C. Proof of a Cartel Agreement 7
D. Are Effects Necessary？ 19
E. Crisis Cartels 20
F. Foreign Government Action or Involvement： A Defense？ 29
G. Cooperation， Convergence， and Cross-Fertilization in International Cartel Enforcement 74
Chapter 2. Monopolies and Abuse of Dominance 94
A. Introduction 94
B. Exploitative Offenses 95
C. Exclusionary Offenses 122
Chapter 3. Collaborations of Competitors Other Than Cartels 166
A. Introduction 166
B. Loose Collaborations 169
C. Learned Professions 177
D. Collaborations in the New Economy 182
E. Joint Ventures 190
Chapter 4. Vertical Restraints 197
A. Introduction 197
B. European Union 198
C. Japan and Korea 274
D. Developing Countries： Special Concerns 298
Chapter 5. Mergers 302
A. Introduction 302
B. Domestic Issues in Analysis of Transborder Mergers 302
C. Comparative Issues 311
D. Cooperation and Conflict 347
Chapter 6. The State 353
A. Introduction 353
B. Advocacy 355
C. Abuse of Dominance by State-Owned Enterprise 359
D. State Privilege or License； Limits to Exclusivity 367
E. State Measures That Restrict Competition or Facilitate Private Restrictions 372
F. State Aids 391
G. The Relationship Between Regulation and Competition 412
H. Hybrid State and Private Restraints—The WTO 412
Chapter 7. Enforcement： Systems and Institutions 419
A. Introduction 419
B. Public Enforcement Models 422
C. Specialized Antitrust Courts 423
D. Federalism and Enforcement by Multiple Sovereigns 424
E. Private Enforcement 429
F. Criminal Enforcement 444
G. Merger Enforcement 450
Chapter 8. Extraterritoriality and Jurisdiction Over International Behavior 454
A. Introduction 454
B. The Effects Test and Comity Concerns 456
C. Frontiers of Antitrust Jurisdiction 488
Chapter 9. Global Governance 492
A. Introduction 492
B. The UNCTAD Set of Principles 493
C. Bilateral Cooperation Agreements 505
D. Regional Cooperation： Developing Countries， Small Juris-dictions， and Other Cooperations 518
E. The Van Miert Report and the Debate on Competition in the WTO 532
F. The Doha Declaration 558
G. The OECD Hard Core Cartel Recommendation 560
H. ICPAC 565
I. ICN 568
Appendices： Excerpts from Treaties and Statutes 571
INDEX 629