Part 1 Introduction to Financial Management 1
1 The Role of Financial Management 1
Objectives 1
Introduction 2
What Is Financial Management？ 2
The Goal of the Firm 3
Corporate Governance 8
Organization of the Financial Management Function 8
Organization of the Book 10
Key Learning Points 13
Questions 14
Selected References 14
2 The Business， Tax， and Financial Environments 17
Objectives 17
The Business Environment 18
The Tax Environment 20
The Financial Environment 27
Key Learning Points 35
Questions 36
Self-Correction Problems 37
Problems 37
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 38
Selected References 39
Part 2 Valuation 41
3 The Time Value of Money 41
Objectives 41
The Interest Rate 42
Simple Interest 43
Compound Interest 43
Compounding More Than Once a Year 59
Amortizing a Loan 62
Summary Table of Key Compound Interest Formulas 63
Key Learning Points 63
Questions 64
Self-Correction Problems 64
Problems 65
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 69
Selected References 71
4 The Valuation of Long-Term Securities 73
Objectives 73
Distinctions Among Valuation Concepts 74
Bond Valuation 75
Preferred Stock Valuation 78
Common Stock Valuation 79
Rates of Return 〔or Yields〕 83
Summary Table of Key Present Value Formulas for Valuing Long-Term Securities 88
Key Learning Points 88
Questions 89
Self-Correction Problems 90
Problems 91
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 93
Selected References 95
5 Risk and Return 97
Objectives 97
Defining Risk and Return 98
Using Probability Distributions to Measure Risk 99
Attitudes Toward Risk 101
Risk and Return in a Portfolio Context 103
Diversification 104
The Capital-Asset Pricing Model 〔CAPM〕 106
Efficient Financial Markets 114
Key Learning Points 116
Appendix A： Measuring Portfolio Risk 117
Appendix B： Arbitrage Pricing Theory 119
Questions 121
Self-Correction Problems 122
Problems 122
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 125
Selected References 126
Part 3 Tools of Financial Analysis and Planning 127
6 Financial Statement Analysis 127
Objectives 127
Financial Statements 128
A Possible Framework for Analysis 134
Balance Sheet Ratios 138
Income Statement and Income Statement/Balance Sheet Ratios 141
Trend Analysis 152
Common-Size and Index Analysis 153
Key Learning Points 156
Summary of Key Ratios 156
Appendix： Deferred Taxes and Financial Analysis 158
Questions 159
Self-Correction Problems 160
Problems 161
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 165
Selected References 167
7 Funds Analysis， Cash-Flow Analysis， and Financial Planning 169
Objectives 169
Flow of Funds 〔Sources and Uses〕 Statement 170
Accounting Statement of Cash Flows 176
Cash-Flow Forecasting 180
Range of Cash-Flow Estimates 184
Forecasting Financial Statements 186
Key Learning Points 190
Appendix： Sustainable Growth Modeling 190
Questions 194
Self-Correction Problems 195
Problems 197
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 200
Selected References 203
Part 4 Working Capital Management 205
8 Overview of Working Capital Management 205
Objectives 205
Introduction 206
Working Capital Issues 208
Financing Current Assets： Short-Term and Long-Term Mix 210
Combining Liability Structure and Current Asset Decisions 215
Key Learning Points 216
Questions 216
Self-Correction Problem 217
Problems 217
Solutions to Self-Correction Problem 218
Selected References 219
9 Cash and Marketable Securities Management 221
Objectives 221
Motives for Holding Cash 222
Speeding Up Cash Receipts 223
S-l-o-w-i-n-g D-o-w-n Cash Payouts 228
Electronic Commerce 231
Outsourcing 233
Cash Balances to Maintain 234
Investment in Marketable Securities 235
Key Learning Points 244
Questions 245
Self-Correction Problems 245
Problems 246
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 247
Selected References 248
10 Accounts Receivable and Inventory Management 249
Objectives 249
Credit and Collection Policies 250
Analyzing the Credit Applicant 258
Inventory Management and Control 263
Key Learning Points 273
Questions 274
Self-Correction Problems 274
Problems 275
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 278
Selected References 279
11 Short-Term Financing 281
Objectives 281
Spontaneous Financing 282
Negotiated Financing 287
Factoring Accounts Receivable 298
Composition of Short-Term Financing 300
Key Learning Points 301
Questions 302
Self-Correction Problems 302
Problems 303
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 305
Selected References 306
Part 5 Investment in Capital Assets 307
12 Capital Budgeting and Estimating Cash Flows 307
Objectives 307
The Capital Budgeting Process： An Overview 308
Generating Investment Project Proposals 308
Estimating Project “After-Tax Incremental Operating Cash Flows” 309
Key Learning Points 318
Questions 318
Self-Correction Problems 319
Problems 319
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 321
Selected References 322
13 Capital Budgeting Techniques 323
Objectives 323
Project Evaluation and Selection： Alternative Methods 324
Potential Difficulties 330
Project Monitoring： Progress Reviews and Post-Completion Audits 340
Key Learning Points 340
Appendix A： Multiple Internal Rates of Return 341
Appendix B： Replacement Chain Analysis 343
Questions 345
Self-Correction Problems 346
Problems 347
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 349
Selected References 350
14 Risk and Managerial 〔Real〕 Options in Capital Budgeting 353
Objectives 353
The Problem of Project Risk 354
Total Project Risk 357
Contribution to Total Firm Risk： Firm-Portfolio Approach 364
Managerial 〔Real〕 Options 368
Key Learning Points 373
Questions 373
Self-Correction Problems 374
Problems 375
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 377
Selected References 379
Part 6 The Cost of Capital， Capital Structure， and Dividend Policy 381
15 Required Returns and the Cost of Capital 381
Objectives 381
Creation of Value 382
Overall Cost of Capital of the Firm 383
The CAPM： Project-Specific and Group-Specific Required Rates of Return 396
Evaluation of Projects on the Basis of Their Total Risk 401
Key Learning Points 406
Appendix A： Adjusting the Beta for Financial Leverage 407
Appendix B： Adjusted Present Value 408
Questions 410
Self-Correction Problems 411
Problems 412
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 415
Selected References 417
16 Operating and Financial Leverage 419
Objectives 419
Operating Leverage 420
Financial Leverage 427
Total Leverage 435
Cash-Flow Ability to Service Debt 436
Other Methods of Analysis 439
Combination of Methods 440
Key Learning Points 441
Questions 442
Self-Correction Problems 443
Problems 444
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 446
Selected References 449
17 Capital Structure Determination 451
Objectives 451
A Conceptual Look 452
The Total-Value Principle 456
Presence of Market Imperfections and Incentive Issues 458
The Effect of Taxes 461
Taxes and Market Imperfections Combined 463
Financial Signaling 465
Timing and Financial Flexibility 465
Financing Checklist 466
Key Learning Points 467
Questions 468
Self-Correction Problems 468
Problems 469
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 471
Selected References 473
18 Dividend Policy 475
Objectives 475
Passive versus Active Dividend Policies 476
Factors Influencing Dividend Policy 481
Dividend Stability 484
Stock Dividends and Stock Splits 486
Stock Repurchase 491
Administrative Considerations 495
Key Learning Points 496
Questions 497
Self-Correction Problems 498
Problems 499
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 501
Selected References 502
Part 7 Intermediate and Long-Term Financing 505
19 The Capital Market 505
Objectives 505
Deja Vu All Over Again 506
Public Issue 507
Privileged Subscription 509
Regulation of Security Offerings 512
Private Placement 516
Initial Financing 519
Signaling Effects 520
The Secondary Market 522
Key Learning Points 522
Questions 523
Self-Correction Problems 524
Problems 524
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 525
Selected References 526
20 Long-Term Debt， Preferred Stock， and Common Stock 527
Objectives 527
Bonds and Their Features 528
Types of Long-Term Debt Instruments 529
Retirement of Bonds 532
Preferred Stock and Its Features 534
Common Stock and Its Features 538
Rights of Common Shareholders 539
Dual-Class Common Stock 542
Key Learning Points 543
Appendix： Refunding a Bond Issue 544
Questions 546
Self-Correction Problems 547
Problems 548
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 550
Selected References 551
21 Term Loans and Leases 553
Objectives 553
Term Loans 554
Provisions of Loan Agreements 556
Equipment Financing 558
Lease Financing 559
Evaluating Lease Financing in Relation to Debt Financing 562
Key Learning Points 567
Appendix： Accounting Treatment of Leases 567
Questions 570
Self-Correction Problems 571
Problems 572
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 573
Selected References 575
Part 8 Special Areas of Financial Management 577
22 Convertibles， Exchangeables， and Warrants 577
Objectives 577
Convertible Securities 578
Value of Convertible Securities 581
Exchangeable Bonds 584
Warrants 585
Key Learning Points 589
Appendix： Option Pricing 589
Questions 595
Self-Correction Problems 596
Problems 597
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 599
Selected References 600
23 Mergers and Other Forms of Corporate Restructuring 603
Objectives 603
Sources of Value 604
Strategic Acquisitions Involving Common Stock 608
Acquisitions and Capital Budgeting 615
Closing the Deal 617
Takeovers， Tender Offers， and Defenses 620
Strategic Alliances 622
Divestiture 623
Ownership Restructuring 626
Leveraged Buyouts 627
Key Learning Points 629
Appendix： Remedies for a Failing Company 630
Questions 635
Self-Correction Problems 636
Problems 638
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 641
Selected References 643
24 International Financial Management 647
Objectives 647
Some Background 648
Types of Exchange-Rate Risk Exposure 652
Management of Exchange-Rate Risk Exposure 656
Structuring International Trade Transactions 668
Key Learning Points 671
Questions 672
Self-Correction Problems 673
Problems 674
Solutions to Self-Correction Problems 676
Selected References 677
Appendix 679
Table Ⅰ：Future value interest factor 680
Table Ⅱ：Present value interest factor 682
Table Ⅲ：Future value interest factor of an（ordinary）annuity 684
Table Ⅳ：Present value interest factor of an（ordinary）annuity 686
Table Ⅴ：Area of normal distribution that is Zstandard deviations to the left or right of the mean 688
Glossary 689
Commonly Used Symbols 705
Index 707