Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Theory and Context: Understanding the Causes of Behavior 2
Interaction and Action 4
Sociological Analyses of Imprisonment 7
Psychological Effects of Imprisonment 9
Other Consequences of Imprisonment 12
Coping Theory 12
Chapter 2 The Study: Design, Methods, Materials 16
Aims: What This Study Tried to Accomplish 16
Design Overview 17
Setting 20
Measures and Materials 23
Chapter 3 Subjects: Selection and Characteristics 32
Selection and Recruitment 32
Characteristics: Sentences, Offenses, Criminal History 34
Social and Economic Background 36
Personal History 39
Chapter 4 Lifestyle and Behavior on the Outside 42
Time and Planning 42
Socialization 46
Criminal Activities 48
Chapter 5 Problems and Coping on the Outside 51
The Problems of Subjects 51
First Impressions of Coping 53
Categories of Coping Responses 55
The Quality of Coping 65
Relationships Between Measurement Types 70
Some Hypotheses 72
Chapter 6 The Impact of Imprisonment 76
Disruptions 76
Negative Effects 83
Positive Effects 86
Chapter 7 Coping in Prison 90
Problems in Prison 90
Coping in Prison: Categories 92
The Quality of Coping in Prison 98
Coping and Previous Imprisonment 101
Chapter 8 The Impact of Imprisonment.Ⅱ—Changes over Time 103
Test-Retest Correlations 103
Short-Term Changes 104
General Lifestyle and Behavior Patterns 104
Problems and Coping 107
Emotional Adjustment 109
The Closing Window 111
Summary: Behavior and Coping After Acclimation 112
One Year Later 115
New Changes 115
Continuing Changes 116
Problems and Coping 120
Summary: The Effects of Longer-term Imprisonment 122
Chapter 9 Circumstances: Some Major Personal and Environmental Variables 124
Differences Across Institutions 124
Length of Sentence 127
Chapter 10 Predicting Adaptation 132
Outcome Criteria 132
Core Variables and Simple Correlations 135
Predictive Analyses 138
Some Consequences 143
Chapter 11 Conclusions: What Prisons Do and Don't Do 145
What Prisons Do Not Do: The Breaking Ground 146
What Prisons Do: The Deep Freeze 149
Changing the Prison Experience 155
References 156
Appendices 166
Author Index 199
Subject Index 202