1 Introduction： Structure in Design of Architecture 3
SECTION 1 Overall Thinking 3
SECTION 2 The Architectural Design Process 6
SECTION 3 An Overall Approach to Structural Education 11
SECTION 4 Structure and Other Subsystems 13
SECTION 5 Summary 18
2 Schematic Building Forms as Total Structural Systems 21
SECTION 1 The Assumption of Integrity 21
SECTION 2 Estimating Overall Forces on Building Forms 27
SECTION 3 Aspect Ratios and Overturn Resistance 32
SECTION 4 Strength and Stiffness of Buildings 38
SECTION 5 Symmetry and Asymmetry in Building Forms 49
3 Overall Integrity and Major Subsystem Interaction 53
SECTION 1 The Hierarchy of Structural Action in Building Forms 53
SECTION 2 Building Forms Conceived as Solid Structures 57
SECTION 3 Building Forms Conceived as Space-Structures 71
SECTION 4 Space-Structures of Columns and Frames 80
4 Schematic Analysis of Buildings as Total Structural Systems 99
SECTION 1 Space-Organizing Components as Major Structural Subsystems 99
SECTION 2 Overall Versus Local Issues of Total-System Analysis 101
SECTION 3 A Single-Story Open-Space Building Example 4-1 111
SECTION 4 A Two-Story Parking Garage Example 4-2 116
SECTION 5 A 12-Story Office Building Example 4-3 120
SECTION 6 A 15-Story Apartment Mega-Structure Example 4-4 124
5 Structural Loads and Responses 129
SECTION 1 Introduction 129
SECTION 2 Dead Loads 130
SECTION 3 Live Loads 134
SECTION 4 Wind Loads 139
SECTION 5 Earthquake Loads 143
SECTION 6 Internal and External Movements in Structures 148
SECTION 7 Response of Structures 149
SECTION 8 Building Codes， Structural Behavior and Strength 152
6 Overall Design of Horizontal Subsystems 157
SECTION 1 Introduction 157
SECTION 2 Overall Structural Behavior of Horizontal Subsystems 158
SECTION 3 Flat-Plate Subsystems 171
Example 6-1： Prestressed Concrete Flat Slab 172
SECTION 4 Slab-and-Beam Subsystems 176
Example 6-2A 180
Example 6-2B 181
SECTION 5 Joist and Girder Subsystems 183
Example 6-3 189
SECTION 6 Waffle Subsystems 191
Example 6-4： Waflle System 194
SECTION 7 Space Truss Systems 196
Example 6-5： Steel Space Truss System 199
7 Vertical Subsystems 203
SECTION 1 Introduction 203
SECTION 2 Wall Subsystems 205
Example 7-1： Design of a Shear Wall 212
Example 7-2： Design of a Trussed Shear Wall 214
SECTION 3 Shafts 215
Example 7-3： Design of a Tube Subsystem 218
SECTION 4 Rigid-Frame Subsystems Under Vertical Loads 221
SECTION 5 Rigid-Frame Subsystems Under Horizontal Loads 223
Portal Method 224
Cantilever Method 229
Example 7-4： Rigid Frame Analysis 230
SECTION 6 Approximate Lateral Deflections of Vertical Elements 232
Example 7-5： Transverse Deflection 236
8 Horizontal Linear Components 243
SECTION 1 Sectional Shapes and Proportions of Components 243
SECTION 2 Moment Diagrams 248
SECTION 3 Internal Resisting Couple 257
SECTION 4 Designing with Allowable and Ultimate Stresses 267
SECTION 5 Deflections 268
SECTION 6 Prestressing and Load Balanced PC Design 272
Example 8-1 275
Example 8-2 279
Example 8-3 280
SECTION 7 Horizontal Shear Flow in Beams 281
SECTION 8 Design Examples 283
Example 8-4 284
Example 8-5 286
Example 8-6 288
Conclusion 292
SECTION 9 Connections for Horizontal Components 292
SECTION 10 Trusses 299
9 Vertical Linear Components 307
SECTION 1 Ties， Hangers， and Tension Members 307
SECTION 2 Short Columns—Axially Loaded 310
Example 9-1： Column Design 313
SECTION 3 Long Columns 314
Example 9-2： Design of Slender Steel Columns 322
SECTION 4 Columns Under Bending—Steel 322
Example 9-3： Design of Steel Columns Under Bending 324
SECTION 5 Columns Under Bending—Concrete 326
Example 9-4： Design of Concrete Columns Under Bending 327
Example 9-5： Design of Concrete Columns with Large Moments 328
SECTION 6 Examples for Seismic Design of Columns 329
Example 9-6： Concrete Column 329
Example 9-7： Steel Column 331
10 High-Rise Buildings 335
SECTION 1 Introduction 335
SECTION 2 Shear-Wall Systems 339
Example 10-1 342
SECTION 3 Rigid-Frame Systems 344
Example 10-2： Design of Rigid-Frame Building 345
SECTION 4 Tubular Systems 346
Example 10-3： Design of a Round Tube Building 350
Example 10-4： Sears-Roebuck Building， Chicago 354
SECTION 5 Special Systems 355
SECTION 6 Floor Systems 365
SECTION 7 Deflections， Vibrations， and Strength 369
SECTION 8 Weight of Structural Materia！s 373
11 Arch， Suspension， and Shell Systems 377
SECTION 1 Introduction 377
SECTION 2 Arch Systems 378
Example 11-1： Design of an Arch 384
SECTION 3 Suspension Systems 385
Example 11-2： Design of a Suspension Subsystem 391
Example 11-3： Design of a Cable Stayed Roof Subsystem 391
SECTION 4 Folded-Plate and Cylindrical Shells 392
Example 11-4： Design of the Hippodromo Cantilevers 396
SECTION 5 Dome Shells 397
Example 11-5： The Jakarta Dome Ring Beam 408
SECTION 6 Dishes 409
Example 11-6： Design of a Dish 413
SECTION 7 Hyperbolic Paraboloid 414
Example 11-7： Design of an HP Roof 421
SECTION 8 Lightweight Tension Systems 424
12 Foundation Subsystems 429
SECTION 1 Introduction 429
SECTION 2 Line Footings and Mat Foundations 432
SECTION 3 Spread and Combined Column Footings 435
Example 12-1： Design of a Spread Column Footing 436
SECTION 4 Pile and Caisson Foundations 439
Example 12-2 441
SECTION 5 Retaining Walls and Coffer Dams 446
Example 12-3： Retaining Wall Design 447
13 Construction 455
SECTION 1 Introduction 455
SECTION 2 Steel Construction 456
SECTION 3 In-Place Concrete Construction 468
SECTION 4 Precast Concrete Construction 476
14 The Cost of Building Structures 487
SECTION 1 Introduction 487
SECTION 2 Percentage Estimates 489
SECTION 3 Square-Foot Estimating 491
SECTION 4 Volume-Based Estimates 493
SECTION 5 Some Generalizations about the Variables of Cost 496
SECTION 6 Economics of Long-Span Roof Systems 499
SELECTED REFERENCES 505