Part Ⅰ Comparative Approaches to Labour Law and Industrial Relations 1
Chapter 1 How Can We Study Industrial Relations Comparatively?&Richard Hyman 3
Chapter 2 Lessons from the Past? Critique of ‘How Can We Study Industrial Relations Comparatively?&Jacques Rojot 25
Chapter 3 The Case for the Comparative and Interdisciplinary Study of Labour Relations&Luis Aparicio-Valdez and Jorge Bernedo Alvarado 29
Chapter 4 Industrial Relations in International Business Theory：The Case for Comparative and Interdisciplinary Research&Murad L.Wisniewski 37
Part Ⅱ Industrial Relations and Trade Union Rights 51
Chapter 5 Trade Union Rights in a Free Market Area：The EU Experience in Laval and Viking&Frank Hendrickx 53
Chapter 6 The Delta Site Selection Process at General Motors Europe：Works Council and Union Cooperation as a Participatory Model&Martin Bartmann and Sabine Blum-Geenen 77
Chapter 7 The Impact of Economic and Political Change upon Workplace Trade Union Representation in the UK&Sonia McKay and Sian Moore 97
Chapter 8 The Limits of Individual Employment Rights：The Reality of Neoliberalism&Anna Pollert and Paul Smith 113
Chapter 9 Workplace-Level Evidence of Outsourcing Consequences in Unionized Canadian Manufacturing&Patrice Jalette 133
Part Ⅲ Atypical Employment 157
Chapter 10 Are Atypical Employment Contracts Exclusively for New Entrants?The Case of the French Press&Clemence Aubert 159
Chapter 11 State Protection for Temporary Agency Workers：Australian Developments&Elsa Underhill and Malcolm Rimmer 173
Part Ⅳ Social Protection and Social Security 193
Chapter 12 Globalization and Social Protection&Kees J. Vos 195
Chapter 13 Changes of Employer，Employment Protection and Labour Market Attachment：An Analysis of Swedish Data from 1972 to 1998&Bengt Furaker and Tomas Berglund 211
Chapter 14 The Reform of Social Protection Systems and Flexicurity in a European Perspective&Silvia Spattini 233
Chapter 15 Extension of Labour Law and Social Security Protection to the Informal Sector：Developing Country Perspectives，with Specific Reference to Southern Africa&Marius Olivier 241
Chapter 16 The Informal Economy，Social Security and Legislative Attempts to Extend Social Security Protection&Elmarie Fourie 271
Part Ⅴ Human Resource Management 295
Chapter 17 Worker Participation，Organizational Climate and Change&Massimo Pilati and Laura lnnocenti 297
Part Ⅵ Country Reports 313
Chapter 18 The Local Dimension of the European Employment Strategy：The Clash of Competences in the Spanish Administration&Francisco Jose Barba Ramos 315
Chapter 19 Flexicurity in Hungary&Eva Berde 337
Chapter 20 The Fifth Anniversary of the New Lithuanian Labour Code: Time for Change?&Tomas Davulis 355
Chapter 21 Increasing the Flexibility of Employment Regulation in Estonia&Merle Muda 367
Chapter 22 The State, Society and the Individual in Labour Relations in Russia&Evgeny Khokhlov and Olga Rymkevich 379
Chapter 23 Higher Education and Academic Recruitment in Russia&Alexander V. Zavgorodniy 387
Chapter 24 Adverse Employment Conditions in Israel&Itzhak Harpaz and Yosi Gattegno 395
Chapter 25 The Employability Approach to the Protection of Workers' Rights in Singapore&Chew Soon-Beng and Rosalind Chew 405
Chapter 26 Job Security Issues in a Laissez-faire Economy: The Case of Hong Kong&Rick Glofcheski 423
Chapter 27 Do Cooperatives Protect Workers' Rights? Lessons from Canada&Judy Haiven and Larry Haiven 441
Chapter 28 Protecting the Health of Staff in Restaurant Smoking Areas in Chile&Pablo Arellano Ortiz 455
Chapter 29 Labour in a Time of Transition: Labour and Political Changes in Venezuela&Hector Lucena 465
Notes on Contributors 21
Editorial 25
Part Ⅰ Comparative Approaches to Labour Law and Industrial Relations 1
Chapter 1 How Can We Study Industrial Relations Comparatively?&Richard Hyman 3
1. Introduction 3
2. Cross-National Comparison：Essential But Impossible? 4
3. Are All Descriptors Context-Bound? 7
4. The Problem of Typification 9
5. Institutions，Path-Dependence and Change 11
6. Rational Choice，Fuzzy Sets and Historical Conditionality 14
7. Conclusion 17
References 18
Chapter 2 Lessons from the Past? Critique of ‘How Can We Study Industrial Relations Comparatively?’&Jacques Rojot 25
Chapter 3 The Case for the Comparative and Interdisciplinary Study of Labour Relations&Luis Aparicio-Valdez and Jorge Bernedo Alvarado 29
1. Introduction 29
2. The Importance of Comparative and Interdisciplinary Studies 30
3. Social Insurance as an Element of Integration 32
4. Another Example：Employment Policies 33
5. Conclusion：The Interdiscliplinary Nature of Labour Relations 34
Chapter 4 Industrial Relations in International Business Theory：The Case for Comparative and Interdisciplinary Research&Murad L.Wisniewski 37
1. Introduction 37
2. The Smithsonian Paradigm 38
3. The Coasian Paradigm 39
4. The Schumpeterian Paradigm 40
5. Conclusions 43
References 44
Part Ⅱ Industrial Relations and Trade Union Rights 51
Chapter 5 Trade Union Rights in a Free Market Area：The EU Experience in Laval and Viking&Frank Hendrickx 53
1. Introduction 53
2. Social Policy Background of the Cases 54
2.1. General Overview 54
2.2. Deregulation of the Internal Market and the Fear of Social Dumping 55
2.3. The Example of the European Services Directive 56
2.4. The Country of Employment Principle 57
2.5. The Post-enlargement Transition Periods and Worker Mobility 59
2.6. The Increased Relevance of Posting 60
2.7. The Right to Strike under EU Labour Law 62
2.8. Actual and Potential Immunities from Free Market Principles 64
3. The Viking and Laval Cases 66
3.1. Viking 66
3.2. Laval 68
4. Discussion of the Significance of the Cases 71
Chapter 6 The Delta Site Selection Process at General Motors Europe：Works Council and Union Cooperation as a Participatory Model&Martin Bartmann and Sabine Blurn-Geenen 77
1. Introduction 77
2. Site Selection Processes at General Motors 78
3. The Europeanization of Workers’Representation/Industrial Relations at GME 78
4. The Delta Site Selection Process 79
4.1. Five Plants Competing 79
4.2. Management Strategy in the Delta Site Selection Process 81
4.3. Strategies of Employee Representatives and Trade Unions 84
5. Global Platforms and Site Competition at General Motors：Challenges for Trade Unions and Workers 87
6. Conclusions 90
6.1. Employee Cooperation at GME as a Blueprint for Other Companies? 90
6.2. Revision and Widening of the EWC Directive：Engagement of the Unions 92
6.3. Legitimization of Employee Representatives’Cooperation at Transnational Level 93
Table of Abbreviations and ‘GM-Speak’ 94
References 95
Chapter 7 The Impact of Economic and Political Change upon Workplace Trade Union Representation in the UK&Sonia McKay and Sian Moore 97
1. Introduction 97
2. Methodology 99
3. The Legal and Industrial Context 99
4. The Regulation of Workplace Representatives and Their Rights to Time Off 101
5. The Changed Context of Representation 104
6. Conclusion 110
References 111
Chapter 8 The Limits of Individual Employment Rights：The Reality of Neoliberalism&Anna Pollert and Paul Smith 113
1. Introduction：The Rise of Employment Rights 113
2. The New Agenda of Neoliberalism 115
2.1. Individual Employment Rights 115
2.2. Trade Unions and Industrial Action 118
3. Rights in Practice 121
4. Conclusion：A Rhetoric of Rights 1258
Bibliography 127
Chapter 9 Workplace-Level Evidence of Outsourcing Consequences in Unionized Canadian Manufacturing&Patrice Jalette 133
1. Introduction 133
2. Outsourcing Motives 135
3. Outsourcing Consequences 137
4. Outsourcing and Industrial Relations 139
5. Methods 141
5.1. Survey 141
5.2. Dependent and Independent Variables 142
5.2.1. Outsourcing Consequences 142
5.2.2. Outsourcing Motives 143
5.2.3. Union-Management Relationship Climate 143
5.2.4. External Solidarity 144
5.2.5. Internal Solidarity 144
5.2.6. Union's Strategic Capacity 144
5.2.7. Union's Involvement in Outsourcing Decisions 145
5.3. Control Variables 145
5.3.1. Extent of Outsourcing 145
5.3.2. Competition 15
5.3.3. Size 145
5.3.4. Industry and Technology 146
5.4. Data Analysis 146
6. Results 146
7. Discussion 150
References 153
Part Ⅲ Atypical Employment 157
Chapter 10 Are Atypical Employment Contracts Exclusively for New Entrants?The Case of the French Press&Clemence Aubert 159
1. Introduction 159
2. Pigistes：A Heterogeneous Group 161
2.1. Pigistes as Professional Journalists 161
2.2. Characteristics of Journalists：Age and Tenure 162
2.3. Employment Contracts and Income 164
3. The Theoretical and Economic Justifications for the Segmentation of Employment in Journalism 165
3.1. Labour Market Segmentation 165
3.2. The Contribution of the Theory of Dualism 165
3.3. The Intrinsic Reasons for Recourse to Pigistes 167
4. Cost Considerations 168
5. Conclusions 169
Bibliography 169
Chapter 11 State Protection for Temporary Agency Workers：Australian Developments&Elsa Underhill and Malcolm Rimmer 173
1. Introduction 173
2. Legislative Protection for Temporary Agency Workers 176
3. Collective Agreements and Agency Workers 182
4. Slipping Through the Gaps 186
5. Regulation of Temporary Agency Workers under Work Choices 188
6. Prospects for Change 190
Part Ⅳ Social Protection and Social Security 193
Chapter 12 Globalization and Social Protection&Kees J. Vos 195
1. Introduction 195
2. The Impact of Globalization 196
3. Globalization and the National Level 200
4. Regional Governance 202
5. Global Governance 204
6. Concluding Remarks 205
Bibliography 207
Chapter 13 Changes of Employer，Employment Protection and Labour Market Attachment：An Analysis of Swedish Data from 1972 to 1998&Bengt Furaker and Tomas Berglund 211
1. Introduction 211
2. Swedish Employment Protection Legislation 213
3. Employment Protection Legislation and Mobility 216
4. Labour Market Attachment 218
5. Data，Variables and Analyses 219
5.1. Methodology 219
5.2. Empirical Analysis Ⅰ 221
5.3. Empirical Analysis Ⅱ 226
6. Conclusions 230
References 231
Chapter 14 The Reform of Social Protection Systems and Flexicurity in a European Perspective&Silvia Spattini 233
1. Social Protection Systems：Characteristics and Reforms 233
2. Flexicurity in the Perspective of Integration between Social Protection and ALMPs 235
3. Concluding Remarks 239
Chapter 15 Extension of Labour Law and Social Security Protection to the Informal Sector：Developing Country Perspectives，with Specific Reference to Southern Africa&Marius Olivier 241
1. Introduction 241
2. Contextual Framework：The Labour Market，Social and Economic Policies and Poverty Indicators 242
3. Definitional Context 247
4. Coverage Restrictions 250
5. Extension of Coverage 254
5.1. Definitional and Conceptual Approaches 254
5.2. Extending Coverage：Alternative Institutional Arrangements and Appropriate Regulatory Responses 258
5.3. Human Rights，International Standards and Standard-Setting 264
6. Conclusions 268
Chapter 16 The Informal Economy，Social Security and Legislative Attempts to Extend Social Security Protection&Elmarie Fourie 271
1. Introduction 271
2. The Labour Market Context 273
3. International Law，the ILO and New Forms of Work 273
4. Social Security Protection and the Informal Economy 275
4.1. Informality Trends Getting Worse 275
4.2. Social Security and the Informal Economy 276
4.3. Organizing the Informal Worker 277
4.3.1. Case Studies 278
4.3.2. Tanzania 278
4.3.3. India 278
4.3.3.1. Self-Employed Women's Association 279
4.3.3.2. SEWU：The South African Counterpart 280
4.4. The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) 281
4.5. South Africa 281
5. Some Examples of Legislative Attempts to Extend Social Security to Informal Workers and the Self-Employed 283
5.1. Introduction 283
5.2. Unorganised Workers Social Security Bill，2008，India 283
5.3. Social Security Bill，2005，United Republic of Tanzania 286
5.4. The Social Security Act 34 of 1994 of Namibia 289
5.5. Legislative Attempts 289
6. Conclusions 290
Bibliography 291
Part Ⅴ Human Resource Management 295
Chapter 17 Worker Participation，Organizational Climate and Change&Massimo Pilati and Laura Innocenti 297
1. Introduction 297
2. Organizational Change，Employment Relations and European Recommendations for Employee Participation and Involvement 298
3. Organizational Climate Surveys，Protection of Personal Rights and Freedom of Opinion 299
4. Research Design and Methodology 300
5. ‘Ideal Types’ of Organization：Trendy，Evolutionary，Cynical and Fatalistic 301
6. Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Research 307
References 309
Part Ⅵ Country Reports 313
Chapter 18 The Local Dimension of the European Employment Strategy：The Clash of Competences in the Spanish Administration&Francisco Jose Barba Ramos 315
1. Introduction 315
2. Employment in European Summits：The Local Dimension 317
3. The Role of the Spanish Local Administration in Employment Policy the Legal Framework and Opportunities for Action：In Keeping with European Guidelines? 323
4. Application of Community Guidelines and Inter-Administrative Coordination in Spain 328
5. Conclusions 334
Chapter 19 Flexicurity in Hungary&Eva Berde 337
I. Introduction 337
2. Hungarian Background Data and Regulation of Flexicurity 339
3. Company-Level Employee Organizations Participating in the Social Dialogue 347
4. Conclusions 353
Chapter 20 The Fifth Anniversary of the New Lithuanian Labour Code：Time for Change?&Tomas Davulis 355
1. Introduction 355
2. Adoption of the Lithuanian Labour Code in 2002 356
3. The Normative Effect of the Labour Code 358
4. Balancing Statutory，Individual and Collective Regulatory Methods 360
5. Bringing the Law into Line with Contemporary Changes at Work 362
5.1. Regulation by Statutory Law 362
5.2. Working Time 362
5.3. New Forms of Work 363
5.4. Homogeneity of Regulation 364
5.5. The Scope of Application of Labour Legislation 365
6. Conclusions 365
References 366
Chapter 21 Increasing the Flexibility of Employment Regulation in Estonia&Merle Muda 367
1. Introduction 367
2. Entering into Employment Contracts 369
2.1. Form and Conditions of the Employment Contract 369
2.2. Fixed-Term Employment Contracts 371
3. Termination of Employment Contracts at the Initiative of the Employer 372
3.1. Grounds and Formal Requirements of Termination 372
3.2. Employer's Fiscal Obligations in the Case of Dismissal for Economic Reasons 374
4. Regulation of Non-standard Work 376
5. Concluding Remarks 377
Chapter 22 The State，Society and the Individual in Labour Relations in Russia7Evgeny Khokhlov and Olga Rymkevich 379
1. Introduction 379
2. The Changing Role of the State in Modern Russia 379
3. Critical Aspects of Current Russian Labour Legislation 380
4. The Position of Trade Unions in Russian Law 382
5. The Divergence of Russian Laws from International Norms 385
Chapter 23 Higher Education and Academic Recruitment in Russia&Alexander V. Zavgorodniy 387
1. The Bologna Process and Higher Education in Russia 387
2. The Appointment of Academic Staff in Russian Universities 388
3. The Election of University Rectors in Russia 391
Chapter 24 Adverse Employment Conditions in Israel&Itzhak Harpaz and Yosi Gattegno 395
1. Introduction 395
2. Common Violations of Employment Protection Provisions 396
3. The Background to the Development of Adverse Employment in Israel 399
4. The Negative Consequences of Adverse Employment Conditions 401
5. Preventive and Deterrent Measures against Adverse Employment Conditions 402
References 402
Chapter 25 The Employability Approach to the Protection of Workers’Rights in Singapore&Chew Soon-Beng and Rosalind Chew 405
1. Introduction 405
2. Overview 406
3. Labour Legislation in Singapore 407
3.1. Core Labour Standards 407
3.2. The Employment Act 407
3.3. The Trade Unions Act 408
3.4. The Workplace Safety and Health Act 408
3.5. The Workmen's Compensation (Amendment) Bill 408
4. Singapore's Achievements in Terms of Workers’ Rights 409
5. Policies in Support of the Right to Employment 411
5.1. Singapore's Social Security Policy 411
5.2. Immigration Policies 412
6. Foreign Labour-Management Policies 414
6.1. The Work Permit System 414
6.2. Foreign Labour in Singapore Sectors 415
6.3. Quantitative Impact of Using Foreign Labour as a Buffer 416
7. Schemes to Encourage the Training and Employment of Residents 417
8. Policies to Help Low-Wage Workers Cope with Competition 419
9. Price Stability 420
10. Conclusions 421
References 421
Chapter 26 Job Security Issues in a Laissez-faire Economy：The Case of Hong Kong&Rick Glofcheski 423
1. Introduction 423
2. Hong Kong in Perspective 424
3. Job Insecurity in Hong Kong (or How to (Legally) Undermine an Already Minimalist Job Security Regime) 427
3.1. The Contract of Employment and the Exclusion of Workers 428
3.2. Exclusion of Non-permanent and Part-time Workers 429
3.3. Discrimination for Trade Union Activities 431
3.4. Striking Workers 431
3.5. Pregnant Workers 432
3.6. Foreign Domestic Helpers 434
3.7. Workers Generally and Summary Dismissal 434
3.8. Inadequacy of Remedies for Wrongful Termination 437
4. Conclusion 438
Chapter 27 Do Cooperatives Protect Workers’Rights? Lessons from Canada&Judy Haiven and Larry Haiven 441
1. Introduction 441
2. Human Resources in a Typical versus a Unionized Workplace 441
3. Classifying Cooperatives 443
4. The Fogo Island Fishing Cooperative 444
4.1. Background 444
4.2. Decline of the Fishery 445
4.3. Labour Relations in the Newfoundland Fishery 446
4.4. The Cooperative and the Union 446
4.5. Three Key Labour/Management Disputes at the Coop 447
4.5.1. Dockside Grading Dispute 447
4.5.2. Capitalization for Fishers 447
4.5.3. The Coop and Human Rights 448
4.6. Relations between the Fogo Coop and the Plant-Workers’Union 450
5. Conclusion 450
Bibliography 452
Chapter 28 Protecting the Health of Staff in Restaurant Smoking Areas in Chile&Pablo Arellano Ortiz 455
1. Introduction 455
2. Health：A Fundamental Right 457
2.1. Occupational Health 457
2.2. The Duty of the State 457
2.3. Renouncing a Fundamental Right? 459
3. The Employer's Obligation to Safeguard the Workers 460
3.1. Power in the Employment Relationship 460
3.2. The Employer's Duty of Care 460
3.3. Compensation Awards 461
4. Final Remarks 462
Bibliography 463
Chapter 29 Labour in a Time of Transition：Labour and Political Changes in Venezuela&Hector Lucena 465
1. Introduction 465
2. Labour Relations in Venezuela 466
3. Labour Relations and Inequality 467
4. Regionally What Is the Problem? 469
5. The Commitment to Inclusion and Integration 470
6. What Happens When Labour Relations Institutions Represent Fewer and Fewer People? 471
7. The Essential Condition for Industrial Relations：The Existence of Jobs 471
Bibliography 472