PART I HISTORY, INTERPRETATION AND PRINCIPLES 3
1. Why IPR issues were brought to GATT: a historical perspective on the origins of TRIPS&Charles Clift 3
2. Developing countries in the global IP system before TRIPS: the political context for the TRIPS negotiations&Carolyn Deere-Birkbeck 22
3. Minimum standards vs. harmonization in the TRIPS context: the nature of obligations under TRIPS and modes of implementation at the national level in monist and dualist systems&Denis Borges Barbosa 52
4. Enhancing global innovation policy: the role of WIPO and its Conventions in interpreting the TRIPS Agreement&Graeme B. Dinwoodie and Rochelle C Dreyfuss 110
5. The objectives and principles of the TRIPS Agreement&Peter K. Yu 146
6. Mainstreaming the TRIPS and human rights interactions&Xavier Seuba 192
7. The TRIPS Agreement and intellectual property rights exhaustion&Luis Mariano Genovesi 216
8. Intellectual property rights and competition policy&Beatriz Conde Gallego 226
9. Intellectual property rights in free trade agreements: moving beyond TRIPS minimum standards&Pedro Roffe, Christoph Spennemann and Johanna von Braun 266
PART II SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS 319
10. Limits, limitations and exceptions to copyright under the TRIPS Agreement&P. Bernt Hugenholtz 319
11. Copyright in TRIPS and beyond: the WIPO Internet Treaties&Ruth L. Okediji 343
12. The protection of 'related rights' in TRIPS and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty&Owen Morgan 379
13. Marks for goods or services (trademarks)&Annette Kur 408
14. Unresolved issues on geographical indications in the WTO&Kasturi Das 448
15. No lemons' no more: a sketch on the 'economics' of geographical indications&Dwijen Rangnekar 515
16. Exploring the flexibilities of TRIPS to promote biotechnology in developing countries&Graham Dutfield, Lois Muraguri and Florian Leverve 540
17. Compulsory licensing of patented pharmaceutical inventions: evaluating the options&Jerome H. Reichman 589
18. The Doha Declaration and access to medicines by countries without manufacturing capacity&S.K. Verma 623
19. Disease-based limitations on compulsory licenses under Articles 31 and 31bis&Kevin Outterson 673
20. The protection of semiconductor chip products in TRIPS&Thomas Hoeren 698
21. Data exclusivity for pharmaceuticals: TRIPS standards and industry's demands in free trade agreements&Carlos M. Carrea 713
Index 729