Introduction 1
A. The Point of Departure 1
B. The Subject of this Book 3
C. Chapter Overview 7
PART Ⅰ. TYPOLOGY AND INTERACTIONS 11
1. Open Remedies in Human Rights Adjudication 11
1.A Introduction 11
1.B Weak-Form Review Considered 12
1.C The Variety of Open Remedies 16
1.D Shared Rationales for Open Remedies in Human Rights Adjudication 25
1.E The Judicial Function and Objections to Open Remedies 28
1.F Conclusion 32
2. The Role of the Legislature 35
2.A Introduction 35
2.B The New Dialogue Scholarship 36
2.C Dialogue and Declarations of Incompatibility 45
2.D Two Models of Court桳egislature Interaction 48
2.E Sidestepping Legislative Reality: Two Concerns 49
3. From Dialogue to Engagement 57
3.A Introduction 57
3.B Applying the Deliberative Turn in Democratic Theory 58
3.C Instability and Compliance-Oriented Rights Review 67
3.D The International Legal Dimension 74
3.E A Framework for the Examination of Declarations of Incompatibility 77
PART Ⅱ. DECLARATIONS OF INCOMPATIBILITY IN THE COURTS 81
4. The Criteria for a Declaration of Incompatibility 81
4.A Introduction 81
4.B The Architecture of the HRA 82
4.C The Limits of Section 3 HRA 87
4.D An Effective Remedy for the Litigant 100
4.E Conclusion 102
5. Judicial Restraint and Activism Considered 105
5.A Introduction 105
5.B Expository Justice 106
5.C The Strasbourg Dimension 115
5.D Conclusion 128
PART Ⅲ. RESPONSIVE DELIBERATION IN PRACTICE 131
6. The Pattern of Institutional Dialogue 131
6.A Introduction 131
6.B Statistics and Policy 132
6.C The Legislature's Role after Declarations of Incompatibility 138
6.D A Quick and Willing Response: 2000-2004 142
6.E The Space for Political Decision-Making 148
6.F The Joint Committee on Human Rights 156
6.G Conclusion 162
7. Remedial Deliberation in the Legislature 165
7.A Introduction 165
7.B Exploring the Legislative Capacity Rationale: The Response to Bellinger 166
7.C Difficulties with Legislative Remedies: The Retrospectivity Problem 172
7.D Bringing Parliament Along or Avoiding Deliberation? The Prisoner Voting Saga 180
7.E Conclusion 185
8. Belmarsh Prisoners and Dialogue over Control Orders 189
8.A Introduction 189
8.B The Reaction to the Belmarsh Prisoners Decision 190
8.C The Reply Legislation and Legislative Deliberation 194
8.D Dialogue over Control Orders 204
8.E Conclusion 209
9. Epilogue 213
9.A The Dominant Dynamic 213
9.B Prisoner Voting Revisited 216
9.C Reforming the Institutional Settlement on Human Rights? 221
Conclusion 223
Appendix 1: Table of DOIs 229
Appendix 2: Empirical Data 235
Index 237