1 Introduction: taking on the sins of ICANN and the UDRP 1
1.1 Problematising domain name disputes 3
1.2 The research issue 5
1.3 Designing the hypothesis 6
1.4 Goals and plan of the book 7
PART Ⅰ Intellectual problem 9
2 Contextualising property 11
2.1 The place of property: where property law currently resides 14
2.2 The political mapping of property 19
3 Introducing trademarks 24
3.1 Intellectuual property and trademarks 25
3.2 Defending trademarks 27
3.3 The legal philosophy of trademarks 29
3.4 The economic valne of trademarks 31
3.5 The political mapping of tradermarks 35
4 Domain names: their technological, socio-economic and legal status 39
4.1 The technical nature of domain names: what’s in a name? 41
4.2 The socio-economic function o f domain names 44
4.3 Socio-economic norms in the domain name market 45
4.4 Domain name legal theories 48
4.5 Domain names as property 62
PART ⅡInstitutional problem 71
5 History of domain name institutionalisation 73
5.1 ICANN’s authority to create the UDRP 76
5.2 The road to the UDRP 79
5.3 ICANN launches the UDRP 82
6 'Lex domainia’: the new lex mercatoria? 85
7 The UDRP and arbitration 89
7.1 Justification o f arbitration and the scope of the New York Convention 89
7.2 Arbitration and the UDRP: the face-off 91
8 Issues of procedural unfairness 96
8.1 The UDRP restricts the legal rights of registrants 96
8.2 Issues of inconsistency in a uniform system 100
8.3 Can courts conduct a sufficient review of the UDRP? 107
9 Free speech in the context of the UDRP 113
10 Regulating domain names nationally: the case of the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act 119
10.1 The U.S. approach prior to the enactment o f ACPA 121
10.2 The Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act 125
10.3 The rationale behind in rem jurisdiction 127
10.4 ACPA and in rem: a dangerous combination 129
10.5 ACPA v. international institutions 136
10.6 The incompatible status of gTLDs and national legislation 139
11 Applying the UDRP and ACPA in the right context 141
PART ⅢEthical problem 147
12 ‘Haves’ and ‘have nots’ 149
12.1 Ethical concerns in the context of the UDRP 151
12.2 The domain name Πo λιζ 160
PART ⅣThemes and issues 167
13 Forwards and backwards 169
13.1 Reconfiguring the regulation of domain names 172
13.2 Procedurallevel 173
13.3 Techno-legal level 180
13.4 Politicallevel 182
14 Repeating the same mistakes: new gTLDs and the IRT recommendation report 185
14.1 Injustice at a procedural level 187
14.2 The report’s substantive issues 189
14.3 The taming of trademark protection 195
Notes 197
Bibliography 236
Index 257