Introduction 1
Part Ⅰ The development of the international criminal law regime 9
1 The development of international criminal law 9
Introduction 9
Antiquity 11
The Middle Ages 13
The end of the age of chivalry and the 'classical' period of the law of nations 21
1700-1914 25
The First World War 31
The Second World War 36
The Cold War 48
The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) 51
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) 54
The International Criminal Court (ICC) 57
Other developments in the post-Cold War era 60
Conclusion 72
2 International criminal law: State rights, responsibilities and problems 73
Introduction 73
Jurisdiction 75
Duties to extradite or prosecute? 101
Incorporation into domestic law and harmonisation 117
Conclusion 122
3 International Criminal Tribunals and the regime of international criminal law enforcement 124
Two special cases: Rwanda and former Yugoslavia 127
The Rome regime 142
Incorporation and harmonisation of international criminal law 167
Conclusion 184
Part Ⅱ Evaluating the regime 191
4 Selectivity in international criminal law 191
What selective enforcement involves 191
Selectivity in international criminal law 202
Conclusion 230
5 Selectivity and the law: Ⅰ - definitions of crimes 232
Introduction 232
'Safe' and 'unsafe' Tribunals 233
Custom, codification, legitimacy and the nullum crimen sine lege principle 238
Aggression 241
Genocide 245
Crimes against humanity 247
War crimes 262
Other crimes 285
Conclusion 286
6 Selectivity and the law: Ⅱ - general principles of liability and defences 289
Introduction 289
Defences 291
Principles of liability 308
Conclusion 325
Conclusion 327
Select bibliography 331
Index 347