1. Torture: The Goal of Accountability and the World of Impunity 1
2. United States: De Jure Reform with Torture-Lite and Rendition 49
3. Israel: Soft Compliance with Judicial Oversight of Torture-Lite 96
4. France: Supranational Supervision but Limited Memory Battles and Accountability 127
5. Argentina: The Only Case with Prosecutions, Reparations, and Museums 152
6. Spanish Inquisition or Millennium Bombing Plot: The Value of Torture as Actionable Intelligence, Confession, Obedience, Intimidation, or Deterrence? 184
7. The Politics of Collective Memory and Torture Reform 209
8. Conclusion: Two Sets of Patterns in Four States 233
Notes 269
Index 309