Part Ⅰ Introduction 1
1 Relevance and research question 3
Part Ⅱ The puzzle and the argument 13
2 The puzzle： non-compliance and the varying success of compliance instruments 15
3 Theorizing the effectiveness of compliance instruments 22
Part Ⅲ Evidence 61
4 Effective judicial discourses 63
5 Effective judgments 118
6 Effective sanction-threats 193
7 Comparing the UK and Germany 230
Part Ⅳ Conclusions 255
8 Compliance with law beyond the nation-state 257
Annex 277
Data Sources for the dependent variable 277
Data sources for the independent variables 279
Independent variables of country-specific approaches 285
References 288
Index 327