Part One: Foundationsl 2
A. Historical Evolution 2
B. Concepts, Tasks and Legitimacy 24
C. International Criminal Law and the International Legal Order 34
D. Sources and Interpretation 43
E. Universal Jurisdiction, the Duty to Prosecute, and Amnesty 57
F. Enforcement 66
G. Domestic Implementation 73
Part Two: General Principles 90
A. Towards a General Theory of Crimes Under International Law 91
B. Material Elements 96
C. Mental Element 99
D. Individual Criminal Responsibility 116
E. Superior Responsibility 128
F. Grounds for Excluding Criminal Responsibility 138
G. Inchoate Crimes 165
H. Omissions 170
I. Official Capacity and Immunity 172
J. Multiplicity of Offenses 178
K. Requirements for Prosecution 183
Part Three: Genocide 186
A. Introduction 188
B. Material Elements 193
C. Mental Element 206
D. Incitement to Commit Genocide 211
E. Multiplicity of Offenses 212
Part Four: Crimes Against Humanity 214
A. Introduction 216
B. Contextual Element (Attack on a Civilian Population) 221
C. Individual Acts 231
D. Multiplicity of Offenses 266
Part Five: War Crimes 267
A. Introduction 269
B. Overall Requirements 286
C. War Crimes Against Persons 298
D. War Crimes Against Property and Other Rights 334
E. Employing Prohibited Methods of Warfare 341
F. Use of Prohibited Means of Warfare 368
G. War Crimes Against Humanitarian Operations 380
H. Multiplicity of Offenses 383
Part Six: The Crime of Aggression 384
A. The Prohibition of Aggression Under International Law 386
B. Criminal Responsibility Under Customary International Law (War of Aggression) 390
C. The Crime of Aggression in the ICC Statute - Prospects 400
Appendix 1: Materials 405
Appendix 2: Table of Cases 435
Appendix 3: Table of Statutes and International Instruments 451
Appendix 4: Index 469
Appendix 5: International Criminal Law in the World Wide Web 483