List of Abbreviations 13
Chronological List of Acts 15
Introduction 17
Ⅰ.GENERAL BACKGROUND 17
1.Geography and Climate 17
2.Brief History 17
3.Political and Legal Systems 20
4.Economic Development 21
5.Population and Labour Force 24
Ⅱ.DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS 35
1.Industrial Labour Law 35
2.Individual Labour Law 36
3.Collective Labour Law 36
4.Right to Strike 37
Ⅲ.HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS 39
Ⅳ.ROLE OF GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE SHAPING AND ADMINISTRATION OF LABOUR LAW AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS POLICY 53
1.National Machinery 53
Ⅴ.SOURCES OF LABOUR LAW 56
1.The Constitution 56
2.Legislation 57
3.Common Law 57
4.Awards, Common Rules and Agreements 57
Ⅵ.INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION CONVENTIONS 59
Ⅶ.SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 70
1.General Books 70
2.Law Reports 70
3.Periodicals 70
4.Specialist Publications 70
5.Government Publications 71
Part Ⅰ.The Individual Employment Relationship 73
CHAPTER Ⅰ.DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS 73
1.Categories of Workers 73
2.Duration and Form of Employment Contracts 75
3.Capacity to Conclude a Contract 77
4.Employment of Females and Young Persons 78
CHAPTER Ⅱ.RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PARTIES IN THE COURSE OF THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP 79
1.Duties of the Employee 79
2.Duties of the Employer 81
3.Remedies for Breach of Contract 81
A.Breaches by the employee 81
B.Breaches by the employer 82
CHAPTER Ⅲ.WORKING TIME, ANNUAL VACATION, HOLIDAYS (INCLUDING OVERTIME AND SUNDAY WORKING) 83
1.Statutory Regulation 83
A.Private sector 83
B.Public sector 84
2.Annual Vacation 84
A.Private sector 84
B.Public sector 84
3.Furlough or Long Service Leave 84
A.Private sector 84
B.Public sector 85
4.Payment for Declared Public Holidays 85
CHAPTER Ⅳ.REMUNERATION AND BENEFITS 86
CHAPTER Ⅴ.INCAPACITY TO WORK 88
CHAPTER Ⅵ.JOB SECURITY 89
CHAPTER Ⅶ.PROTECTION AGAINST DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT 90
CHAPTER Ⅷ.COVENANT OF NoN-COMPETITION 92
CHAPTER Ⅸ.INVENTIONS BY EMPLOYEES 93
CHAPTER Ⅹ.SETTLING DISPUTES 94
1.Grievance Procedures 94
Part Ⅱ.Collective Labour Relations 97
CHAPTER Ⅰ.TRADE UNIONS -- INTRODUCTION 97
1.Freedom of Association 97
2.Collective Bargaining 97
3.Workers' Participation 98
4.The Right to Strike 98
CHAPTER Ⅱ.TRADE UNIONS AND EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATIONS 102
1.Trade Unions 102
2.Employers' Organisations 102
CHAPTER Ⅲ.INSTITUTIONALISED RELATIONS BETWEEN EMPLOYEES AND EMPLOYERS 111
A.Industry level 111
B.Enterprise level 111
1.Public Authorities- Labour Administration 111
2.Extent of Tripartite Consultation 112
3.Collective Dispute Settlement 113
CHAPTER Ⅳ.SETTLEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES 116
1.Structure and Composition of the Dispute Settling Bodies 116
A.Principal forms 116
1.Private sector 116
2.Public sector 117
B.Sources of authority 117
1.Private sector 117
2.Public sector 117
C.Composition and membership 118
1.Private sector 118
2.Public sector 119
D.Qualifications and terms of office 119
2.Jurisdiction of the Dispute Settling Bodies 120
A.General scope, aspects and exclusions 120
1.Private sector 120
2.Public sector 121
B.Relations with other dispute settling bodies 122
C.Appeals and judicial review 122
1.Private sector 122
2.Public sector 123
3.Procedure of the Dispute Settling Bodies 123
A.Conciliation, mediation and pre-hearing procedures 123
1.Private sector 123
2.Public sector 124
B.Conduct of hearings and representation of litigants 125
1.Private sector 125
2.Public sector 125
4.Other Bodies 126
A.The shop steward system 126
1.Private sector 126
2.Public sector 126
B.Joint consultation or workers' councils 126
1.Private sector 126
2.Public sector 127
5.Voluntary Arbitration 127
6.Role of Minimum Wage Policy 127
7.General Comments 129
8.Deadlocks 131
A.Private sector 131
B.Public sector 131
9.Additional Comments 131
10.Summary 132
CHAPTER Ⅴ.STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS 134
1.Evaluation of the System -Some Empirical Data 134
2.Main Causes of Labour Dispute 145
3.Summary 146
4.Conclusion 148
CHARTS AND FIGURES 151
Chart Ⅰ.Private Sector Dispute Settlement Procedures 151
Chart Ⅱ.Public Sector Dispute Settlement Procedures 152
Chart ⅢA.and Ⅲ B.Conciliation Procedures 153
Chart Ⅳ.Private Sector Industrial Relations Systems 154
Figure 1.Total Number of Disputes - Private and Public Sector 155
Figure 2.Total Number of Gazetted Awards 155
Figure 3.Total Number of Arbitrated Disputes 156
Figure 4.Arbitrated Disputes relating to Collective Groups 156
Figure 5.Disputes Resolved by Conciliation 157
Figure 6.Total Working Days Lost (thousands) 157
Figure 7.Average Working Days Lost 158
Figure 8.Total Workers Involved in Disputes 158
INDEX 159