1 Introduction 1
2 The Human Rights Weapon Emerges: Private Citizens and the U.S. Congress, 1975-1977 15
3 Setting the Stage for a Superpower Confrontation: Jimmy Carter, the Soviet Union, and Human Rights, 1975-1976 30
4 The Carter Administration Wields the Human Rights Weapon, January 1977-August 1978 45
5 The Soviet Government, Private Citizens, and Human Rights, January 1977-August 1978 65
6 A Delicate Balancing Act Topples: The Carter Administration, Human Rights, and Private Citizens, September 1978-January 1981 79
7 The Soviet Government, Private Citizens, and Human Rights, September 1978-January 1981 93
8 The Reagan Administration's "Conservative" and "Private" Human Rights Campaign, January 1981-November 1985 106
9 The Soviet Government and Dissenters: Human Rights, Peace,and Detente, January 1981-September 1986 127
10 Holding Mikhail Gorbachev and Soviet Bureaucrats Accountable: U.S.-Soviet Relations, Human Rights, and the Final Act, December 1985-January 1989 144
11 Revolutions from Above and Below: Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet Bureaucrats, and Human Rights 162
12 Conclusion 182
Notes 191
Bibliography 255
Index 275