1.Copyright as property 1
Ⅰ The legal concept of dematerialised property 1
1 The meanings of the term ‘property’ 3
2 The concept of ‘property right’ 5
3 The concept of ‘property object’ or ‘thing’ or ‘res’ in law 10
Ⅱ Copyright as a primary example of dematerialised property 12
1 The application of the concept of dematerialised property to copyright 13
2 The proprietarian Common law conception of copyright： protection against parasitical unfair competition and free-ride 35
3 The less proprietarian Civil law conception of author’s rights (droits d’auteur)： protection of a person’s creation through personality protection 47
Ⅲ Conclusion 60
2.Copyright-property and the public domain： explanations and justifications 68
Ⅰ Historical-philosophical and economic explanations of property and copyright-property and their limited usefulness for modern copyright law 68
1 Explanations and justifications of property and copyright deriving from classical political philosophy 70
2 Economic explanations and justifications of property and copyright 91
Ⅱ A test of political-philosophical concepts： the idea of the public domain as a default position and starting point 97
1 Constructions of the ‘public domain’ 97
2 Another construction of the ‘public domain’ 109
3 A Kantian approach to the enforceability of viral contracts in the cyberspace 114
Ⅲ Conclusion： the value of philosophical justifications for modern copyright law and for the understanding of the public domain 118
3.The limitations to the powers of copyright ownership 123
Ⅰ Limitations as to conceptual extent 123
1 The idea-expression dichotomy 125
2 Copyright exceptions and limitations： restricted real rights in copyright？ 137
Ⅱ Limitations as to time： term of protection 144
Ⅲ Conclusion 148
4.The attribution and allocation of copyright-property： authorship， creativity and ownership 149
Ⅰ ‘L’auteur est mort， vive le proprietaire！’ 149
1 The concept of the ‘romantic author’ and the anti-author movement in literary criticism and copyright theory 149
2 The exaggeration of the ‘romantic author-genius’ construct 156
3 The source of the ‘romantic author’ criticism - what Barthes and Foucault actually said： ‘death of the author’？ 166
4 Legal concepts of authorship in copyright law and the relevance of postmodernist interpretations of authorship in legal reality 170
5 The implicit favouring of ownership over authorship in ‘anti-author’ conceptions 177
Ⅱ Creativity： the vexing fetish 182
1 Art and author’s creativity and their relationship to copyright： attempts at a description of creativity 182
2 Copyright and creativity： aporetic copyright rules 188
3 Authorship and originality/creativity in relation to restorations： ‘normative’ originality 194
4 The ‘creativity’ rhetoric of the creative industries 196
Ⅲ Conclusion 198
5.The effects of copyright-property Ⅰ： the problem of alienation 201
Ⅰ The legal preconditions for alienation Ⅰ： transfer of copyright 201
1 Assignments and licences 202
2 Works created by employees 208
Ⅱ The legal preconditions for alienation Ⅱ： security rights over copyright 213
Ⅲ The concept of alienation 215
1 Alienation according to Hegel and Marx 216
2 Karl Renner： change of social function behind the immutable legal institution of property and ownership 222
3 Copyright and alienation 225
Ⅳ The weaknesses of a moral rights protection system 237
1 The idea of moral rights： a remedy against alienation？ 237
2 The impact of moral rights on the exercise of economic rights after their transfer 240
Ⅴ Conclusion 244
6.The effects of copyright-property Ⅱ： neo-feudal and neo-colonial features of international copyright protection 247
Ⅰ International copyright as a basis for neo-feudal and neo-colonial trends 247
Ⅱ The powers of copyright-property： property， sovereignty and feudal relations 249
1 Human expressions as property for power： the concept of the ‘product’ in business and marketing 249
2 The exploitation of copyright： employment， alienation and licensing as a kind of new feudal relationship 256
Ⅲ Neo-colonialism with the assistance of copyright 267
1 The classical legal distinction between property and sovereignty， and the reality 267
2 Copyright as a legal device for neo-colonialism 268
Ⅳ Conclusion 272Conclusions 274Bibliography 280
Index 303