Introduction 1
1 Institutionalizing Cooperation 7
Introduction 7
Organic Link 7
Institutionalized Cooperation 9
Institutions and Organizations 12
Institution-Building Process 14
Conclusion 17
2 Multilateral Environmental Regulation 19
Introduction 19
Rapid Growth 21
Pre-Stockholm： Limited Concerns 24
Stockholm： UN Environment Programme as a Catalyst 27
Rio’s Contribution 29
Common Concerns 34
Montevideo Mandate 36
Conclusion 45
3 Nature and Character of Environmental Agreements 47
Introduction 47
Proliferation of Agreements 48
Regulating State Behavior 54
Salient Characteristics 60
Sui Generis Treaties 63
Softness of Hard Law 69
Framework Convention Approach 76
Regional Seas 81
Institutional Structures 86
Conference of the Parties 91
Secretariats 93
Conclusion 95
4 Host Institution Arrangements 97
Introduction 97
Treaty Mandate 98
Establishing a Secretariat 101
Providing a Secretariat 107
Review Provision 119
Host Institution as a Secretariat 121
Functions of the Host Institution 124
Cost Effectiveness 126
Locating the Secretariat Away from the Host Institution 128
Chain of Legal Implications 129
Conclusion 131
5 Legal Status 133
Introduction 133
Role of the COP 134
Legal Capacity/Personality 136
Legal Character of Treaty Bodies 140
Four Models of Secretariats 142
Possibilities of Conflict 158
Appointment of a Secretary-General 159
Treaty-Making Power 164
Headquarters Agreements 166
Conclusion 169
6 Conclusions 171
Appendices 179
Part Ⅰ Relationship Agreements 179
Ⅰ Delegation of Authority to the Secretary General Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat （RAMSAR） 181
Ⅱ Agreement between the CITES Standing Committee and the Executive Director of UNEP 191
Ⅲ Administrative Arrangement between UNEP and the Secretariat of the CBD 199
Part Ⅱ Headquarters Agreements 211
Ⅳ Headquarters Agreement between UNESCO and France 213
Ⅴ Agreement between the United Nations and the Republic of Kenya regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme 231
Ⅵ Agreement between the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Government of Canada concerning the Headquarters of the Convention Secretariat 257
Ⅶ Agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Nations concerning the Headquarters of the United Nations Volunteers Programme 271
Ⅷ Agreement among the United Nations， the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany， and the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change concerning the Headquarters of the Convention Secretariat 297
Ⅸ Agreement between the United Nations， the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany， and the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification concerning the Headquarters of the Convention Permanent Secretariat 305
Ⅹ Agreement among the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany， the United Nations， and the Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals concerning the Headquarters of the Convention Secretariat 315
Index 325