1. The Founding Fathers and the Constitution 3
2. Presidential Use of Force: 1789-1900 9
3. Expansion of Presidential Power: 1900 to World War II 13
4. The Cold War: Detente and Beyond 19
5. Presidential Acknowledgments of Exclusive Congressional Power 31
6. Constitutional and International Law Bases 36
7. Justiciability 91
8. Congressional Attempts to Curb Presidential Power 116
Notes 147
Index 171