Part One. THE ROLE OF LAW IN FOREIGN POLICY 1
1. The Relevance of Law 3
2. The Touchstones of U.S. Foreign Policy 7
From Monroe Doctrine to Law 7
From Avoiding Entanglements to Resisting Aggression 15
The Change in Unifying Principle 22
3. The Relation of Law to the Balance of Power 24
Law Depends on the Balance of Power 24
The Balance of Power Depends on Law 28
4. How Right Makes Might 33
The Contribution of Law of Effective Action 33
The Folly of Holding Back 36
The Power of National Commitment 46
5. The Role of Emerging Law 49
The Problem of Change 49
The Concept of Emerging Law 51
Part Two. THE PRINCIPLES OF EMERGING LAW 55
6. Myths and Muddles 57
Myths about Emerging Principles 57
The Mystery of Law without Legislation 60
National Sovereignty 62
The Role of National Security and Vital Interests 64
7. Filling Out the Law of the Charter 65
The Special Place of Resolution 2625 65
The Seven Charter Principles of Law 68
The Definition of Aggression: Resolution 3314 72
8. Self-determination 74
The Problem of Secession 75
The Necessity of International Process 79
Foreign Bases 85
9. Nonintervention 88
The New Rule of Reciprocal Neutrality 88
Counterintervention 95
10. Regional Security Zones 99
The Concept 99
Exclusion of Spheres of Influence 107
11. International Rights in Strategic Areas 111
The Function of International Rights 111
Defining Substantive Rights 114
The Problem of Guarantees 117
12. International Rights of Access to Resources 124
The Implications of Scarcity 124
The Emerging Law 126
Part Three. ADJUDICATION IN THE REAL WORLD 135
13. The National Interest in a Process of Adjudication 137
The Role of an Adjudication Option 137
The Problems that Shape the Option 143
Perspectives on Emerging Law 146
14. A Proposed Declaration for Law and Acceptance of Adjudication 148
Proposed Declaration 148
Proposed Charter for a Voluntary Adjudication Tribunal 149
The Role of the International Court of Justice 151
The Problem of Interlocking Issues 153
Part Four. THE CHOICE 157
15. Action and Risk 159
Appendix 1: Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations 165
Appendix 2: Definition of Aggression 172
Appendix 3: United Nations Resolutions concerning Self-determination 176
Appendix 4: United Nations Resolutions concerning Nonintervention 189
Appendix 5: United Nations Resolutions concerning Access to Resources 193
Appendix 6: Excerpts from the United Nations Charter and Stature of the International Court of Justice 197
Notes 207
Selected Bibliography 229
Index 241