Chapter 1.Introduction to the Law of Remedies 1
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller Remedies in a Traditional Private Case 3
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Remedies in a Public Law Case 4
Abram Chayes，The Role of the Judge in Public Law Litigation 5
Remedies：Public and Private 8
Chapter 2.Sources and Limits of the Courts’ Remedial Pow-er 10
A.“Where There’s a Right，There’s a Remedy” 12
Bivens v.Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics 12
Notes 18
B.Limits on the Courts’ Remedial Power 20
Schweiker v.Chilicky 20
Notes 26
A Digression：Remedial Choice in the Statutory Context 27
A Further Digression：Official Immunity，Sovereign Immuni-ty，and the Eleventh Amendment 29
Vicki C.Jackson，The Supreme Court，The Eleventh Amendment，and State Sovereign Immunity 30
Rizzo v.Goode 36
Notes 41
United States v.City of Philadelphia 42
Notes 48
Chapter 3.The Nature，Availability，and Scope of Injunc-tions 51
A.The Nature of An Injunction 51
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Choice Between an Injunction and Damages 51
B.Plaintiff’s Rightful Position as the Measure of an Injunction 55
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Defining the Right-ful Position 55
Mt.Healthy City School District Board of Education v.Doyle 56
Notes 59
Note on Rightful Position as Reconsideration or Remand in Administrative Law 60
B.Plaintiff’s Rightful Position as the Measure of an Injunction—Continued 62
Problem 62
Newman v.Alabama 63
Notes 65
C.The Prerequisites for Injunctive Relief 66
1.Threat of Harm 66
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Threat of Harm 66
Hecht Co.v.Bowles 67
Notes 71
Note on the Relationship Between Threat of Harm and the Scope of an Injunction 72
City of Los Angeles v.Lyons 74
Notes 83
2.Inadequate Remedy at Law 85
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Choice Between Legal and Equitable Remedies 85
Note on the Maxims of Equity 86
Note on the Declining Importance of the Inadequate Remedy at Law Rule 88
Laycock，The Death of the Irreparable Injury Rule 89
Note on Whether to Abandon the Inadequacy Requirement 90
Alan Schwartz，The Case for Specific Performance 92
Notes 95
Note on Legislative Variations on the Inadequacy Require-ment in Administrative Law 96
3.Practicality of Enforcement 97
D.Granting Less or More Than Plaintiff’s Rightful Position 100
1.Granting Less Than Plaintiff’s Rightful Position：Balanc-ing the Equities 100
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Balancing the Equities 100
Note on When Injunctions Are Efficient 101
Smith v.Staso Milling Co 104
Notes 106
Brown v.Board of Education （Brown Ⅱ） 110
Notes 112
Problem 113
Tennessee Valley Authority v.Hill 113
Notes 121
Weinberger v.Romero-Barcelo 121
Notes 128
David Schoenbrod，The Measure of an Injunction：A Princi-ple to Replace Balancing the Equities and Tailoring the Remedy 130
Note on Balancing in Administrative Enforcement 133
D.Granting Less or More Than Plaintiff’s Rightful Position-Continued 133
2.Granting More Than Plaintiff’s Rightful Position：Pro-phylactic Orders 133
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Prophylactic Orders 133
Swann v.Charlotte.Mecklenburg Board of Education 137
Notes 144
Problems 147
3.Injunctions That Harm Persons Not Adjudged to Have Violated Plaintiffs’ Rights 151
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Injunctions That Harm the Innocent 151
Martin v.Wilks 154
Notes 160
E.Specific Remedies Other Than Injunctions 161
Chapter 4.Procedures for Formulating，Administering，and Enforcing the Injunction 165
A.Procedures for Obtaining Injunctive Relief 165
1.Types of Injunctions 165
Problem：Unauthorized Merchants 168
2.Standards for Granting Preliminary Relief 168
Chalk v.United States District Court 169
Notes 173
John Leubsdorf，The Standard for Preliminary Injunctions 173
American Hospital Supply Corporation v.Hospital Products Limited 179
Notes 182
Problems 183
3.The Security Requirement 183
（a） The Amount of Security 183
（b） Collecting on the Security 185
B.Formulating and Administering the Injunction 185
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Drafting and Ad-ministering an Injunction 185
1.Drafting the Injunction 185
Special Project—The Remedial Process in Institutional Re-form Litigation 186
Curtis J.Berger，Away From the Court House and Into the Field.The Odyssey of a Special Master 191
Hart v.Community School Board 200
Curtis J.Berger，Away From the Court House and Into the Field：The Odyssey of a Special Master 205
Notes 208
2.Administering the Injunction 209
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Determining Compliance With an Injunction 209
B.Formulating and Administering the Injunction—Continued Developments in the Law—Injunctions 210
James A.Henderson，Jr.＆ Richard A.Pearson，Implement-ing Federal Environmental Policies：The Limits of Aspira-tional Commands 212
Notes 214
Special Project—The Remedial Process in Institutional Re-form Litigation 216
Notes 219
David I.Levine，The Authority for the Appointment of Remedial Special Masters in Federal Institutional Reform Litigation：The History Reconsidered 220
Illinois v.Costle 222
Notes 224
Murray Levine，Charles P.Ewing ＆ David I.Levine，The Use of Law for Prevention in the Public Interest 225
Note 230
Michael Lottman，Enforcing Judicial Decrees：Now Comes the Hard Part 230
Problems 232
3.Accommodating Changing Circumstances：Modification of the Decree 232
Timothy S.Jost，From Swift to Stotts and Beyond：Modifica-tion of Injunctions in the Federal Courts 233
Note on Modification of a Permanent Injunction 234
Problems 235
Firefighters Local Union No.1784 v.Stotts 236
Notes 246
4.Retaining，Closing and Re.opening a Case 247
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Obtaining Re-lease From an Injunction 247
Morgan v.Nucci 248
Notes 253
United States v.Overton 254
Dowell v.Board of Education 260
Notes 262
C.Resistance to the Decree 263
1.The Contempt Power 264
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Civil or Crimi-nal Contempt 264
Hicks on Behalf of Feiock v.Feiock 265
Notes on In Personam Versus In Rem Enforcement 273
Notes on the Classification of Contempt Proceedings 273
Notes on the Elements of Contempt 274
Notes on Sanctions 276
Problem：Dr.Morgan and Ms.Bouknight 277
Notes on Procedures 278
C.Resistance to the Decree—Continued 279
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Violating an Anticipated Order 279
Griffin v.County School Board of Prince Edward County 279
Notes on Getting Tricky With a Court 284
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Collateral Bar Rule 286
In re Providence Journal Co 286
Notes on the Collateral Bar Rule 293
2.Enforcement Against Persons Who Are Not Parties 295
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Injunctions That Require The Cooperation Of Nonparties 295
State University of New York v.Denton 295
Notes on Injunctions Against Nonparties 298
United States v.Hall 300
Notes 304
Note on Washington v.Washington State Commercial Pas-senger Fishing Vessel Assoc 305
Note on Notice 306
3.Enforcement Against the Government 307
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Injunctions That Require the Cooperation of Public Officials 307
Notes on Virginia v.West Virginia 310
Note on Why Courts so Rarely Try to Override Legislatures 313
Note on How the Eleventh Amendment Complicates Enforce-ment 313
Jenkins v.Missouri 319
Notes on the Judicial Power to Override Legislative Choices 326
United States v.City of Yonkers 328
Spallone v.United States 338
Notes on Tactics to Override Legislative Decisions 347
Alexander Bickel，The Least Dangerous Branch 352
Chapter 5.Declaratory Judgment 358
Aetna Life Insurance Co.v.Haworth 361
Notes 364
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Declaratory Judg-ment 365
Cunningham Brothers，Inc.v.Bail 366
Notes 369
Note on Jurisdiction Under the Federal Declaratory Judgment Act 371
Note on the Eleventh Amendment and Declaratory Judgment 372
Poe v.Ullman 374
Notes 377
Note on Resolving Uncertainty in the Enforcement of Regulations 378
Note on Reformation 381
Chapter 6.Criminal and Civil Sanctions 383
A.Distinguishing Criminal and Civil Sanctions 383
Kennedy v.Mendoza-Martinez 384
United States v.Halper 388
United States v.Salerno 394
Notes 399
Notes on Differences Between Civil and Criminal Proceedings 400
B.Principle of Proportionality 403
Solem v.Helm 403
Notes 411
Note on Sentencing 413
United States Sentencing Commission，Sentencing Guidelines for United States Courts 414
Notes 420
Report of Independent Counsel in In re Edwin Meese Ⅲ 422
Note 426
Problem 427
C.Punitive Damages 428
Grimshaw v.Ford Motor Co 428
Juzwin v.Amtorg Trading Corp.（Juzwin Ⅰ） 435
Juzwin v.Amtorg Trading Corp.（Juzwin Ⅱ） 441
Notes 443
D.Civil Economic Sanctions 447
William Drayton，Economic Law Enforcement 447
Notes 456
United States v.Coastal States Crude Gathering Co 459
Calero-Toledo v.Pearson Yacht Leasing Co 461
Notes 464
Chapter 7.Money Judgments：Damages and Restitution 466
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） The Damages Option 466
A.Introduction 466
Charles McCormick，Handbook on the Law of Damages 466
Bowen v.Massachusetts 467
Notes 473
Problem：Miller v.Insurance Company （A Variation） Damages，or “Equitable Monetary Relief”？ 476
Memphis Community School District v.Stachura 476
Notes 482
B.The Basic Issues 486
Charles McCormick，Handbook on the Law of Damages 486
Notes 487
Problems 493
C.An Overview of Tort Damages 494
Ayers v.Jackson Township 494
Notes 507
Note，California’s Collateral Source Rule and Plaintiff’s Receipt of Uninsured Motorist Benefits 514
D.An Overview of Contract Damages 518
Great American Music Machine，Inc.v.Mid-South Record Press-ing Co 518
Notes 525
Justin Sweet，Liquidated Damages in California 531
E.An Overview of Restitution 535
Restatement of Restitution 535
Restitution：Concepts and Terms 535
1.The Substantive Basis for Unjust Enrichment Claims 537
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Restitution for Benefits Conferred 537
Kossian v.American National Insurance Co 538
Notes 541
Note on the Substantive Law of Restitution 543
2.The Elements of the Restitutionary Award 545
Hutchison v.Pyburn 545
Notes on Rescission and Restitution 548
Notes 550
3.Measuring the Restitutionary Recovery 553
Olwell v.Nye ＆ Nissen 553
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） A Restitution Option？ 555
Ramona Manor Convalescent Hospital v.Care Enterprises 556
Notes 557
Notes on Measuring the Restitutionary Recovery 558
4.Equitable Restitutionary Remedies 562
Latham v.Father Divine 562
Restatement of Restitution 563
North American Coin ＆ Currency，Ltd.v.Eastlic 564
Notes 566
The Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v.Jolley 568
Notes 570
United States v.Banco Cafetero Panama 573
Notes 578
Snepp v.United States 581
Notes 586
Problem：Moore v.Regents of the University of California 589
F.A Closer Look：Some Transsubstantive Issues 589
1.The Plaintiff’s Cause of Action：Tort，Contract，or Resti-tution？ 589
Seaman’s Direct Buying Service，Inc.v.Standard Oil Compa-ny of California 589
Notes 596
Problem：Expectation，Reliance or Restitution？ 600
2.Elements of the Award 602
Bell v.City of Milwaukee 602
Notes 606
F.A Closer Look：Some Transsubstantive Issues—Continued 610
3.Measuring the Damages 610
（a） Value 610
Ohio v.Department of the Interior 610
Problems 619
Notes 620
（b） Time and Value 624
Redevelopment Agency of the City of Burbank v.Gil-more 624
Notes 627
Note，Interest as Damages in California 628
Notes 629
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Prejudg-ment Interest 630
Pretre v.United States 630
Notes 636
4.Limits on Recovery 639
（a） Avoidable Consequences and Offsetting Benefits 639
Munn v.Southern Health Plan，Inc 639
Notes 645
Notes on Offsetting Benefits 646
Charles J.Goetz ＆ Robert E.Scott，Measuring Sellers’Damages：The Lost Profits Puzzle 646
Notes 647
（b） Foreseeability 648
Evra Corp.v.Swiss Bank Corp 648
Notes 655
（c） Certainty 657
Evergreen Amusement Corp.v.Milstead 657
Notes 659
5.Managing Damages Actions：The New Public Law Liti-gation？ 660
Peter H.Schuck，The Role of Judges in Settling Complex Cases：The Agent Orange Example 660
Notes 665
Abram Chayes，The Role of the Judge in Public Law Litiga-tion 665
Richard L.Marcus，Public Law Litigation and Legal Schol-arship 665
Notes 669
Chapter 8.Collection of Monetary Judgments 671
A.Provisional Relief 671
Fuentes v.Shevin 671
Notes 680
Mitchell v.W.T. Grant Co 681
Notes 685
North Georgia Finishing，Inc.v.Di-Chem，Inc. 685
A.Provisional Relief—Continued Notes 689
B.Post-Judgment Relief 691
1.Basic Collection Strategy 691
James J.Brown，Collecting a Judgment 691
Notes 694
Kahn v.Berman 695
Notes 700
2.Exempt Property 701
Gutterman v.First National Bank of Anchorage 701
Notes 706
In the Matter of Carol J.v.William J 707
Notes 709
3.Foreclosure Sales 711
Griggs v.Miller 711
Notes 712
4.Body Execution 714
Landrigan v.McElroy 714
Notes 718
Chapter 9.Conduct of the Plaintiff：Bars to Obtaining Re-lief 719
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Plaintiff’s Conduct 720
A.Unclean Hands and In Pari Delicto 721
Keystone Driller Co.v.General Excavator Co 722
Notes 725
Clinton E.Worden ＆ Co.v.California Fig Syrup Co 726
Notes 728
Bateman Eichler，Hill Richards，Inc.v.Berner 729
Notes 736
B.Estoppel 738
Johnson v.Williford 738
Notes 742
Note on the Government as Plaintiff 746
C.Laches and Statutes of Limitations 748
Saffron v.Department of the Navy 749
Shell v.Strong 752
Notes 756
Chapter 10.Attorneys’ Fees 759
A.The Power of the Court to Award Attorneys’ Fees 760
Problem：Country Lodge v.Miller （Reprised） Paying the Attorneys 760
Brandt v.Superior Court 762
Notes 767
B.The Parties That Congress Has Made Eligible for Attorneys’Fees 767
Texas State Teachers Association v.Garland Independent School District 768
B.The Parties That Congress Has Made Eligible for Attorneys’ Fees—Continued 772
Notes 772
C.The Measure of the Fees 775
1.What Work Is Compensable？ 776
Sullivan v.Hudson 776
Notes 784
2.The Rate of Compensation 785
（a） Superior Performance 786
（b） Risk of Loss Contingency 787
（c） Contingency Fee Contract 789
Notes 790
D.Conflicts of Interest 792
In re Fine Paper Antitrust Litigation 792
Notes 798
Evans v.Jeff D 799
Notes 805
Appendix 808
Addendum：Missouri v.Jenkins 821
INDEX 841