1 The Arthropod Plan 1
Segmentation and Tagmosis 2
Exoskeleton 4
Size 6
Speciation 7
Arthropod Classes 9
Questions 23
2 The Insect Externally 24
The Head 24
The Thorax 38
The Abdomen 50
Questions 54
3 The Insect Internally 55
Digestive System 55
Circulatory System 62
Respiratory System 63
Muscular System 67
Excretory System 71
Nervous System 72
Reproductive System 76
Questions 84
4 Development and Specialization 86
Embryology 86
Post-embryonic Development 89
Endocrine System 100
Questions 107
5 Ecology 108
Aquatic Environment 108
Terrestrial Environment 119
Population Dynamics 129
Questions 137
6 Behavlor 138
Rhythms 139
Locating Food and Initiating Feeding 140
Locating Mates and Copulation 142
Oviposition 149
Orientation 151
Migration 152
Concealing Coloration 153
Revealing Coloration 159
Mimicry 163
Questions 168
7 From Solitary to Social 169
Isoptera （Termites） 174
Hymenoptera （Social Wasps, Ants, Social Bees） 181
Questions 193
8 Insects, Plants, and Humans 194
Beneficial Aspects 194
Detrimental Aspects 206
Insect Control 215
Questions 227
9 Classification 228
Collembola 236
Thysanura 237
Ephemeroptera 238
Odonata 239
Orthoptera 241
Isoptera 246
Dermaptera 247
Plecoptera 248
Psocoptera 249
Mallophaga 250
Anoplura 251
Thysanoptera 252
Hemiptera 253
Homoptera 258
Neuroptera 262
Coleoptera 265
Hymenoptera 272
Mecoptera 279
Trichoptera 280
Lepidoptera 281
Siphonaptera 287
Diptera 288
Making a Representative Collection of Insects 295
Glossary 303
Selected References 309
Index 316