Chapter 1: Foreign Policy and American Primacy 1
Three Propositions about America's World Role 3
Reversible Assumptions? 12
Implications for Foreign Policy 14
Part I: The Eagle at Home 16
Chapter 2: Public Opinion and Foreign Policy 16
Internationalism or Isolationism 18
Threats to Vital U.S. Interests 20
Foreign Policy Goals 22
Globalization, Trade, and Protectionism 25
Foreign Economic Assistance 28
Deployment of U.S. Troops Abroad 29
Partisanship: Persistence or Abatement? 34
Conclusion 40
Election Postscript 44
Chapter 3: Who Rules the Roost? Congressional-Executive Relations on Foreign Policy After the Cold War 47
Introduction 47
Presidential versus Congressional Perspectives on Foreign Policy 50
Historical and Post-Cold War Influences on Foreign Policy Roles 52
The Post-Cold War Interbranch Balance on Foreign Policy 56
Interbranch Relations on Trade and Finance 57
Foreign Policy Appointments and the Senate Confirmation Process 58
War Powers 61
The Treaty Ratification Process 65
Conclusions 67
Part II: Regional Relations 70
Chapter 4: The United States and Europe: From Primacy to Partnership? 70
The Indispensable Power 72
Growing Resentment of American Power 81
Europe's Capacity for Partnership 89
Europe's Outlook for Partnership 92
Sharing Power and Responsibility for Decisions 93
Towards Strategic Partnership 95
Chapter 5: Transforming Russia: American Policy in the 1990s 97
The Promise and the Critique 97
The Policy Framework 102
American Policy and Russia's Evolution in the 1990s 109
Conclusion: The Limits of Influence 129
Chapter 6: The United States and the Americas; Unfilled Promise at the Century's Turn 133
The Bush-Clinton Agenda 135
The Summit and Other Pieces of the Hemispheric Agenda 138
A Divided U.S. Government 140
The Postwar Political Template and the Clinton Paradox 148
Chapter 7: A Cautionary Tale: The U.S. and the Arab-Israeli Conflict 152
Global Conflict to Regional Disturbance 154
Madrid: Ratifying U.S. Supremacy 156
The Parties Act, and the U.S. Rejoices 157
Limits of Influence 158
Trouble in the Gulf 160
Salvaging the Peace 161
Crisis of the End Game 162
Camp David II: The Three-Bluff Summit 164
Jerusalem Redux 166
Fingers in the Dike: From Paris to Sharm 167
Clinton's Last Hurrah-and Barak's 169
A Clarifying Act of Violence 169
The Limits of Influence 170
Chapter 8: Iraq and Iran: From Dual to Differentiated Containment 173
Historical Background 175
Dual Containment of Two "Rogue States" 176
Iraq: Containment or Rollback? 180
Iran: A Revolutionary or an Ordinary State? 184
Implementing "Differentiated Containment": Prospects and Dilemmas 188
Chapter 9: Lone Eagle, Lone Dragon? How the Cold War Did Not End for China 194
Human Rights 195
Economics 199
National Security 205
Taiwan 207
Conclusion 210
Chapter 10: The Untied States and Africa: Power with Limited Influence 214
American National Interests in Africa 216
Conclusion 238
Part III: Security Issues 241
Chapter 11: Defense Policy for the Twenty-First Century 241
America's Strategic Choices 242
The U.S. Margin of Military Superiority Is Vast 244
Military Primacy and Effective Influence 246
Pressures on the Defense Budget 248
Setting New Military Priorities 251
Recalibrating the MTW Measuring Stick 254
Finding Nonmilitary Solutions for the New Century 260
Conventional Force Structure for the New Century 261
Summary 264
Chapter 12: Use of Force Dilemmas: Policy and Politics 266
The National Interest Debate Redux 268
Policy Challenge: Ethnic Conflict Deterrence and Humanitarian Intervention Strategies 269
U.S. Domestic Political Constraints: How Fixed, How Flexible? 276
Conclusion: Difficult, but Doable 280
Chapter 13: Weapons Proliferation and Missile Defense: New Patterns, Tough Choices 282
A Brief Historical Review 284
Further Challenges at the Century's End 289
Tough Policy Choices Ahead 291
Initial Perspectives on the Bush Administration 297
Part IV: Globalization and Its Discontents 299
Chapter 14: Containing Backlash: Foreign Economic Policy in an Age of Globalization 299
Is Globalization Irreversible? 301
Will U.S. Primacy Endure? 305
Can U.S. Policy-makers Be Counted On? 307
International Trade 309
International Finance 317
Conclusion 321
Chapter 15: The Eagle and the Global Environment: The Burden of Being Essential 324
A Model for Success: The 1987 Montreal Protocol 325
A Model for Paralysis: The Stillborn Kyoto Climate Change Agreement 327
Biodiversity Protection Policy: Failing to Ratify the CBD 333
The Price of Disengagement: National Interests Compromised in the 2000 Biosafety Protocol 337
Conclusion 340
Chapter 16: The United States and International Organizations 342
The Uses of Multilateralism 343
The Clinton Years 347
The Causes of U.S. Behavior 349
Index 353