I. The Nineteenth-Century Chinese Immigration 1
1. Problems in the Old Country 1
2. The Myth of Chinese Coolies 2
3. Coming to the Gold Mountain 8
4. In the Mines 10
5. Building the Railroads 15
6. In Agriculture, Fishing, and Other Industries 20
7. Chinese Communities Outside of the West Coast 24
II. The Development of the Early Chinese Community 28
1. Chinese Culture Transplanted to America 28
2. The Dark Side of the Old Chinatowns 37
3. Chinese Religious Life 42
4. The Six Companies 45
5. Other Chinese Community Organizations 51
III. American Exclusion against the Chinese 56
I. Public Debate over the Chinese Issue 56
2. The Exclusion Acts of 1882 and 1884 62
3. Outrages against the Chinese 67
4. Chinese Immigration and Sino-American Relations 72
5. Chinese Reaction to American Exclusion 77
IV. Living in the Shadow of Exclusion 90
1. Chinese Political Activities in America 90
2. Building a New Image 95
3. The Angel Island Stories 99
4. Abnormal Lives during Normalcy 104
5. The Great Depression Hits Chinatown 107
6. Linkage with Wartime China 110
7. World War II and the Chinese in America 114
V. The Chinese-American Community in Transition: The Post-World War II Era 119
1. The Stranded Chinese Students 119
2. Chinese Cultural and Educational Activities 124
3. Chinese Language Newspapers in America 128
4. Internal Strife in Post-World War II Chinese-American Communities 132
5. New Controversies over the Six Companies 136
6. Art and Literature 139
7. Chinese Christian Faith 143
8. Transition in Social and Economic Lives 147
VI Contemporary Chinese-American Society 151
1. New Immigrants since 1965 151
2. Chinese Women in a Changing American Society 157
3. Chinese Children and Youths in a Multi-racial Society 161
4. Red Guards versus Old Guards 167
5. Protecting Diaoyutai Movement 171
6. Chinese Americans and the Unification of China 175
7. The Taiwanese Independent Movement in America 179
Epilogue 187
Appendixes 193
1. Total Population of California County vs. Number of Chinese, 1870 193
2. Chinese Population in Hawaii, 1853-198o 193
3. Chinese Arrived in, and Departed from, the United States, 1882--1892 194
4. World War II Chinese Draftees and Casualties in the U.S. Army 194
1.major Occupational Groups of the Chinese in the United States,1940-1970 195
2.NOTES 196
3.BIBLIOGRAPHY 214
4.INDEX 220