Introduction 1
I. The Mafia: Controversy and Evidence 9
II. The Benguerra Family 34
III. Numbers Gambling 50
IV. Loansharking 64
V. Legitimate Business Investments 74
VI. Reasons for Legitimate Investment 103
VII. Criminality and Legitimate Business 116
VIII. Organized Crime and Public Policy 136
Appendix: Research Methods and Data Sources 147
Citations 155
Bibliography 163
Index 173