1. Introduction 1
The Special Position of Financial Law 1
The Choice ofTopics 4
2. Money 7
The Importance of Understanding Money 7
The Nature of Money 10
The Statutory Treatment of Money 12
Money in the Courts 19
The European Single Currency 26
The Ability of States to Control the Use of their Money 37
3. Payment 41
Payment as the Discharge of an Obligation to Pay Money 42
Payment as the Transmission of Money 49
4. Personal and Property Rights 77
The Importance of the Distinction 77
The Nature of the Distinction 82
The Distinction in Practice 90
Multiple Ownership 101
Structuring SecuriArrangements 104
5. Intangibles as Property 105
Choses in Action and Choses in Possession 106
Things which are Choses in Action 108
The Nature of a Chose in Action 113
Dealings with Choses in Action 122
Hybrid Rights 137
6. The Legal Nature of the International Bond Market 140
Introduction 140
The Bond Market Pre-History 143
Post- World War Ⅱ 146
Immobilization and the Modern Era 154
Legal Analysis of Bond Structures 159
Dematerialization 169
7. Fiduciary Duties and How They Arise 174
The Perceived Risk 174
The Fiduciary Relationship 180
The Existence of a Fiduciary Relationship 185
The Nature of Fiduciary Duties 200
Summary 205
8. Fiduciary Duties in Financial Markets 206
Introduction 206
Fiduciary Duties in Commercial Transactions 208
Fiduciary Duties in Financial Transactions 228
Regulatory Rules for Retail Customers 238
9. Credit Support in Financial Markets 241
Multiple Obligors 242
Contracts of Suretyship 246
‘Almost Guarantees’ and Comfort Letters 251
Commercial Credit Support 255
Subordination 269
10. Security Interests 277
Reasons for Taking Security 277
Terminology 279
Registration 285
Kinds of Security 288
Reverse Security 305
11. The Construction of Financial Contracts 308
The Common Law and Civil Law Approaches 310
The Difference between Meaning and Effect 317
The Meaning of Contracts 327
Implied Terms 337
Index 341