FINANCE 675
BANKING 676
The Oldest Recorded Bank Loan—2000 B．C．from the Encyclopaedia Britannica 677
Current Money with the Merchant—4，000 Years Ago from the Bible 680
A Greek Poet Writes the Earliest Recorded Bank Advertisement＆Theocritus 681
Where the Dollar Sign Came From＆An anonymous writer and Florence Edler de Roover 682
How Banking Was Built＆James E．Thorold Rogers 685
What Do Bank and Bankrupt Mean?＆James Sullivan 692
The Oldest Check in England from the London Times 693
The Greatest Experiment—the Founding of the Bank of England＆Sir John Clapham 694
How Commission Merchants Became Merchant Bankers in Eighteenth-Century Holland＆C．H．Wilson 709
The Establishment of the First Bank of the United States＆H．Wayne Morgan and Bray Hammond 711
Jackson＇s Fight with the＂Money Power＂＆Bray Hammond 732
All Is Not Gold That Glitters from Hunt＇s Merchants＇ Magazine 744
Punch＇s Version of the Introduction of Bullion from Cyclopaedia of Commercial and Business Anecdotes 745
How Should Bankers Use Their Leisure Hours?from The Banker＇s Magazine 745
Lombard Street in London—the Wall Street of the 1800s＆Walter Bagehot 749
My Financial Career＆Stephen Leacock 757
Money Is Money Is Not Money＆Gertrude Stein 759
Putting Money on the Potato Standard＆Philip Wernette 761
Bankers Are Just Like Anybody Else，Except Richer＆Ogden Nash 765
Thaw on Threadneedle Street＆John Brooks 766
A Gathering of Banks and Bankers＆Pictorial 777
INVESTMENT 790
How the Goldsmiths Became the Financiers of England The Royal Insurance Company，Ltd 790
How to Beat the Stock Market—in the 1600s＆Joseph de la Vega 794
The South Sea Bubble＆Charles Mackay 807
Footnote to the South Sea Bubble＆Charles Lamb 826
How the Great Rothschild Family of Bankers Got Started＆John T．Flynn 834
News of the Battle of Waterloo Hits the Stock Exchange＆Thomas B．Costain 842
The Rise and Fall of Jay Cooke，Banker and Railroad Builder＆Henrietta M．Larson and N．S．B．Gras 951
The Two Rats—and a Wildcat＆G．E．Hanson 866
The Peculiarities of Wall Street Are Part of the National Fiber＆James Bryce 867
A Deal in Wheat＆Frank Norris 874
A Financier Tells How He Made His First Million＆Bernard Baruch 884
Profile of John Pierpont Morgan＆John Dos Passos 890
The Big Bull Market，and the Even Bigger Crash＆Frederick Lewis Allen 895
The Matchless Career of Ivar Kreuger—the Match King＆William H．Stoneman 934
Wall Street Is Money and，Even More Important，Men＆Martin Mayer 938
Nicely Nicely＇s Broker＇s Tip＆W．H．Fitzpatrick 953
INSURANCE 959
The Real Purpose of Insurance Is to Avoid Uncertainty＆Henry K．Duke 959
Government Insurance 4，000 Years Ago＆Hammurabi 959
How Early Insurance Originated to Meet Business Needs＆from Robert S．Lopez and Irving W．Raymond 959
The Development of Insurance into a Great Industry＆Cornelius Walford 964
Lloyd＇s London Coffeehouse Grows into a Great Insurance Office＆Henry M．Grey 973
Biography of an Idea—Fire Insurance＆John Bainbridge 977
Benjamin Lincoln Buys a One-Year Life Contract in 1790 from History of Insurance in Philadelphia for Two Centuries (1683-1882) 991
The Pioneer in American Life-insurance Marketing＆J．Owen Stalson 992
The Growth of Life Insurance in the United States＆Shepard B．Clough 1001
A Novel Enterprise—Insurance for Blighted Affections from Life 1013
The Fox Who Lost His Tail＆William Alexander 1014
The Vice of Gambling and the Virtue of Insurance＆George Bernard Shaw 1015
USURY 1023
The Bible Too Condemns Usury and Money-Changing＆from the Bible 1023
Vishnu Discriminates Between Borrowers from The Institutes of Vishnu 1024
Running in Debt Is Like Having Cholera＆Plutarch 1026
The Talmudic Laws Concerning Creditor and Debtor from The Code of Maimonides 1029
From A．D．500 to 1200，and from 4% to 43 1/2% 1031 from The Commercial and Financial Chronicle 1031
On Usury＆from the Magna Charta 1034
The Man of Affairs Turns on Usury＆Thomas Wilson 1035
The Merchant of Venice＆William Shakespeare 1037
On the Other Side of the Fence from Shakespeare＆Francis Bacon 1052
Scholastic Views on Usury＆Raymond de Roover 1055
A Pawnbroker Defends the Business of Pawnbroking An anonymous pawnbroker of 1744 1058
PRODUCTION 1067
MANUFACTURING 1068
Greek，Roman，and Egyptian Played—and Made—with Fire＆Benjamin Farrington 1069
Benjamin Franklin—The Trials of an Inventor-Manufacturer in 1744＆Carl W．Drepperd 1070
Samuel Slater—Father of Our Factory System＆Arnold Welles 1076
Wealth Comes Only from Manufactures＆Alexander Hamilton 1087
Application to Alexander Hamilton for Employment in Erecting a Cotton Manufactory＆Thomas Marshall 1095
The Continuous Production Line in the Eighteenth Century＆Siegfried Giedion 1097
Eli Whitney—Nemesis of the South＆Arnold Whitridge 1105
The Secret of American Wine Making—in 1849＆Sidney Weller 1115
Speculative Capitalists and the Birth of the American Petroleum Industry＆Paul H．Giddens 1119
Gusher at Spindletop—Eyewitness Account of the First Great Texas Oil Well＆William A．Owens 1132
The Stanley Steamer Was 200 Miles per Hour Ahead of the Times＆ohn Carlova 1144
Henry Ford Builds the Model T＆Charles E．Sorensen with Samuel T．Williamson 1156
The Founder of Scientific Management Blueprints Modern Technology Seventy-five Years Ago＆Frederick W．Taylor 1161
Everything but the Squeal＆L．F．Swift 1179
Pioneer in Industrial Engineering—＂Father＂in Cheaper by the Dozen＆Frank B．Gilbreth，Jr．，and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey 1180
A Businessman Takes a Flyer in Oil—to Finance His Steel Business＆Andrew Carnegie 1182
The Factory Director in the U．S．S．R．＆Raymond A．Bauer 1185
The Evolutionary Nature of Automation，or Is It Just Fancy Mechanization?＆James R．Bright 1199
Machines Are This Smart＆Edwin Diamond and Henry Simmons 1207
Brave New World—or Is It?＆Aldous Huxley 1214
TRANSPORTATION 1223
Stagecoaches，Conestoga Wagons，and the First Interstate Highway (1817)＆Seymour Dunbar 1224
The Clippers Were Beautiful，Fast，Too Expensive to Endure Long—and a Perfect Expression of a Great American Urge＆Alan Villiers 1235
The Disappointed Director—Important but Late from Punch 1245
The Railroads Open the West＆Edwin A．Pr 1247
Giants Fight for the Northern Pacific＆Matthew Josephson 1260
How Pipe Lines Revolutionized the Transportation of Oil—Creative Destruction＆Paul H．Giddens 1271
A Literary Interpretation of Two Practical Mechanics＆John Dos Passos 1281