1 Greco-Roman Rhetoric: The Canon and its History 1
Principles of Greco-Roman Forensic Rhetoric: The Canon 4
Medieval Rhetoric 6
Renaissance Rhetoric 8
English Neoclassical Rhetoric 10
Classical Rhetoric in Nineteenth-Century America 12
Classical Rhetoric in Twentieth-Century America 13
2 Greco-Roman Legal Analysis: The Topics of Invention 23
Dialectical ‘Proof ’and Rhetorical ‘Probability’ 24
Factual Analysis 26
Topoi or Common Lines of Argument 27
Modern Approaches to the Topics of Invention 36
Similarities and Differences 37
3 Brief Rhetoric: The Organization of Argument 44
Classical Principles of Organization 45
4 Ethos, Pathos and Legal Audience 57
Emotion and Advocate Credibility 57
Greco-Roman Approaches to Persuasion 57
Greco-Roman Audiences 58
Emotion and Argument: Pathos 60
Emotion and the Character of the Judge 62
Emotion and Organization 63
Ethos and Lawyer Credibility 67
Ethos and Pathos: The Modem View 70
Similarities and Differences 77
5 Greco-Roman Analysis of Metaphoric Reasoning 85
Classical Approaches to Metaphor 86
Modern Analysis of Legal Metaphors 94
Modem Theories of Metaphoric Reasoning 97
Similarities and Differences 102
6 Greco-Roman Elements of Forensic Style 109
Classical Approach to Antithesis and Parallelism 109
Modem Approaches to Antithesis and Parallelism 112
Similarities and Differences 116
7 The Rhetoric of Dissent: A Greco-Roman Analysis 119
Limits of Dissent 120
United States v. Virginia: The Majority Opinion 124
Justice Scalia’s Dissent 125
Conclusion 139
Bibliography 148
Index 153