1 An Introduction to the Economics of Nonmarket Behavior 1
The Plan of the Book 6
Ⅰ JUSTICE AND EFFICIENCY 13
2 Blackstone and Bentham 13
Blackstone’s Commentaries 13
Bentham’s Antipathy to Blackstone 31
Blackstone and Bentham Compared 39
3 Utilitarianism, Economics, andSocial Theory 48
Some Problems of Utilitarianism 51
Wealth Maximization as an Ethical Concept 60
4 The Ethical and Political Basis of Wealth Maximization 88
The Consensual Basis of Efficiency 88
Implications for the Positive Economic Analysis of Law 103
Dworkin’s Critique of Wealth Maximization 107
Ⅱ THE ORIGINS OF JUSTICE 119
5 The Homeric Version of the Minimal State 119
A Taxonomy of Limited Government 120
Government and Political Values in Homer 123
The Homeric Social Order 135
Homeric Individualism 140
Some Modern Parallels 142
The Theory of the State 143
6 A Theory of Primitive Society 146
The Costs of Information 146
A Model of Primitive Society 150
Other Primitive Adaptations to High Information Costs 168
7 The Economic Theory of Primitive Law 174
The Legal Process 174
Property 179
Contracts 182
Family Law 184
The System of Strict Liability in Tort 192
Criminal Law 203
8 Retribution and Related Concepts of Punishment 207
From Revenge to Retribution,and Beyond 208
Pollution: Retribution against Neighbors and Descendants 217
Guilt versus Responsibility 224
Ⅲ PRIVACY AND RELATED INTERESTS 231
9 Privacy as Secrecy 231
The Economics of Private Information and Communications 232
The Tort Law of Privacy 254
10 A Broader View of Privacy 268
The Etymology of Privacy: Seclusion and Autonomy 268
Evidence for the Economic Theory of Privacy 276
The Common Law and the Economic Theory of Privacy 282
Defamation and Disparagement 287
The Statutory Privacy Movement 299
11 The Privacy Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court 310
Privacy Cases before Griswold 311
The Griswold Decision 323
Privacy in the Supreme Court since Griswold 329
Conclusion 345
Ⅳ THE SUPREME COURT AND DISCRIMINATION 351
12 The Law and Economics of Discrimination 351
13 The DeFunis Case and Reverse Discrimination 364
The Reasonableness of Reverse Discrimination 365
The Constitutional Issue 375
14 Bakke, Weber, and Beyond 387
Bakke 387
Weber 404
Index 409