PART Ⅰ INTRODUCTION 1
1 Crime and Criminalization 3
Introduction 3
The Concept of Crime 7
Why Criminalize? 12
Crime and Punishment 17
2 The Criminal Law of Hong Kong 25
Introduction 25
Sources of Hong Kong's Criminal Law 26
Foundations of Hong Kong's Criminal Justice System 34
Classifying Offences 47
Hong Kong's Courts of Criminal Jurisdiction 50
Criminal Jurisdiction 56
PART Ⅱ THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY 61
3 The Elements of Offences: Actus Reus 63
Introduction 63
Actus Reus 67
Causation 87
Concurrence/Coincidence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea 100
4 Mens Rea 109
Introduction 109
Determining the Mens Rea of an Offence 114
Meaning of Specific States of Mind:Intention 117
Knowledge 136
Recklessness 138
Transferred Malice 161
Mistake 164
5 Negligence and Strict Liability 177
Introduction 177
Negligence 177
Strict Liability 181
PART Ⅲ DEFENCES 209
6 Capacity and Incapacitating Conditions 211
Introduction 211
Infancy 211
Mental Abnormality 216
Insanity 225
Automatism 237
Diminished Responsibility 248
Intoxication 255
7 Justifications and Excuses 277
Introduction 277
Self-defence and Crime Prevention 279
Duress and Necessity 300
Duress by Threats 301
Necessity and Duress of Circumstances 313
Marital Coercion 323
Superior Orders 324
PART Ⅳ PARTICIPATION AND INCHOATE LIABILITY 327
8 Participation 329
Introduction 329
Principals 330
Secondary Parties 333
Aiding, Abetting, Counselling or Procuring 338
Joint Enterprise Liability 360
Special Rules 378
Assistance After Commission of an Arrestable Offence 383
Vicarious Liability 388
Corporate Liability 395
9 Inchoate Offences: Incitement, Conspiracy and Attempt 403
Introduction 403
Incitement 405
Conspiracy 414
Statutory Offence 416
Conspiracy to Defraud 442
Attempt 458
PART Ⅴ OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON 487
10 Homicide 489
Introduction 489
Murder 497
Manslaughter 501
Voluntary Manslaughter 501
Diminished Responsibility 501
Provocation 502
Suicide and Murder 525
Involuntary Manslaughter 526
Constructive Manslaughter (Unlawful and Dangerous Act) 527
Gross Negligence 537
Reckless Manslaughter 544
Infanticide 547
Causing Death by Dangerous Driving 548
11 Non-fatal Offences Against the Person 553
Introduction 553
Common Assault 553
Assault 555
Battery 562
Unlawfulness 564
Aggravated Assaults 579:Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm 579
Assaulting Police Officer in Due Execution of Duty 582
Wounding and Grievous Bodily Harm 590
Malicious Wounding/Grievous Bodily Harm 590
Wounding/Grievous Bodily Harm with Intent 597
12 Sexual Offences 599
Introduction 599
Offences Involving Sexual Violence or Violation 600
Rape 600
Unlawful Sexual Intercourse 612
Incest 614
Buggery, Gross Indecency and Related Offences 615
Procuring and Enabling Unlawful Sexual Acts 619
Abduction Offences 621
Indecent Assault 622
Offences Involving Sexual Exploitation 636
Soliciting 636
Vice Offences 637
Evidential, Procedural and Publication Rules 640
PART Ⅵ OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY 643
13 The Theft Ordinance: Theft, Robbery and Handling 645
Introduction 645
Theft 647
Property 648
Belonging to Another 657
Appropriation 674
Dishonesty 701
Intention of Permanently Depriving 706
Robbery 712
Handling Stolen Goods 715
14 The Theft Ordinance: Deception and Fraud Offences 727
Introduction 727
Deception Offences 728
Obtaining Property 743
Obtaining Pecuniary Advantage 748
Obtaining Services 752
Evading Liability 754
Procuring Entry in Records 761
Procuring Execution of Valuable Security 763
False Accounting 766
Fraud 768
Index 773