Part Ⅰ - INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 1 - An Introduction to the Law of International Business Transactions 3
Part Ⅱ - INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION， LICENSING & PROTECTIONOF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 25
Chapter 2 - International Intellectual Property Treaties 27
Chapter 3 - Multinational Registration of Intellectual Property 61
Chapter 4 - Multinational Intellectual Property Licensing and Enforcement 93
Part Ⅲ - IMPORT AND EXPORT REGULATION 207
Chapter 5 - Import Regulation and Customs 209
Chapter 6 - Export Regulation 265
Part Ⅳ - INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS 325
Chapter 7 - International Commercial Agreements 327
Chapter 8 - International Payment Mechanics and Terms 403
Part Ⅴ - INTERNATIONAL TRADE REMEDIES AND COMPETITION LAW 435
Chapter 9 - Antidumping and Countervailing Measures 437
Chapter 10 - Safeguard Measures and Other Trade Remedies 493
Chapter 11 - Competition （Antitrust） Law in International Business 525
Part Ⅵ - FOREIGN INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS 581
Chapter 12 - International Corporation Formation， Acquisition， 583
Reorganization， and Regulation of Operations 583
Chapter 13 - International Trade and Project Finance 697
Chapter 14 - The Regulation of Global Corruption 741
Chapter 15 - International Tax Planning 789
Part Ⅶ - PLANNING INTERNATIONAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION 831
Chapter 16 - Planning for International Litigation 833
Chapter 17 - Planning International Commercial Arbitration 893
Chapter 18 - Planning for International Investment Disputes 937
Appendix A - Special International Trade Regulation Regimes 985
Appendix B - Table of Acronyms 997
Index 1005
Part Ⅰ - INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 1 - An Introduction to the Law of International Business Transactions 3
1.1 What Is International Business Transactions， and Why Study It？ 3
A.Transactional 4
B.Regulatory 5
C.Litigation 6
D.Treaty-Based 6
1.2 What Kinds of Clients Need Legal Assistance with Their Interna- tional Business Transactions？ 11
1.3 What Kinds of Government Agencies and International Organi- zations Regulate International Business Transactions？ 13
A.U.S.Federal Agencies 14
B.Foreign Governmental Agencies 14
C.International Organizations 16
1.4 Other International Trade Blocs 19
1.5 Putting It All Together 20
Part Ⅱ - INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION， LICENSING & PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 25
Chapter 2 - International Intellectual Property Treaties 27
2.1 Introduction to Intellectual Property and IP Treaties 27
A.Patents 28
B.Trademarks， Service Marks， and Trade Names 30
C.Copyright 34
D.Other Forms of Intellectual Property 36
E.An Introduction to IP Treaties 38
2.2 Patent Law Treaties 40
A.The Paris Convention 41
B.The TRIPs Agreement 43
C.Other Patent Law Treaties 46
2.3 Trademark Law Treaties 47
A.The Paris Convention 47
B.The TRIPs Agreement 48
C.Other Trademark Law Treaties 50
2.4 Copyright Treaties 52
A.The Berne Convention 52
B.The Universal Copyright Convention 54
C.The TRIPs Agreement 54
D.Other Copyright Treaties 55
2.5 Trade Secrets， Unfair Competition， and IP Treaties 56
2.6 Bilateral and Regional IP Treaties 57
Chapter 3 - Multinational Registration of Intellectual Property 61
3.1 Multinational Patent Registration 61
A.Regional Patent Organizations 63
B.The Patent Cooperation Treaty Procedure 66
C.Design Patent Protection 70
D.Patent Classification 71
3.2 Multinational Trademark Registration 72
A.Regional Trademark Organizations 72
B.The Madrid System 79
C.The Nice Agreement on Classification 80
D.Internet Domain Name Registrations 84
3.3 Multinational Copyright Registration 87
3.4 Trade Secrets 87
Chapter 4 - Multinational Intellectual Property Licensing and Enforcement 93
4.1 Litigation of Transnational Infringement 93
A.Judicial Patent Enforcement 94
B.Trademarks 122
C.Copyright 140
4.2 Border Protection Against Infringing Imports 154
A.Customs Recordation and Enforcement 156
B.Section 337 Investigations 160
4.3 Criminal Enforcement of IP Rights 172
4.4 Parallel Imports 173
A.Patents and Gray Market Imports 176
B.Trademarks and Gray Market Imports 177
C.Copyright and Gray Market Imports 186
D.Foreign Regulation of Parallel Imports 193
4.5 Licensing Transactions 195
A.Exclusive and Nonexclusive Agreements 198
B.License Restrictions 200
C.Grantback and Cross-License 202
D.Technology License Registration Rules 202
E.Trademark Maintenance and Supervision 203
Part Ⅲ - IMPORT AND EXPORT REGULATION 207
Chapter 5 - Import Regulation and Customs 209
5.1 An Introduction to Customs Law 210
A.Entry 216
B.Inspection 220
C.Tariff Classification 221
D.Country of Origin 227
E.Appraisal （Valuation） 236
F.Liquidation 238
G.Binding Rulings， Protest， and Appeal 238
5.2 Duty Minimization or Avoidance 242
A.Customs Bonded Warehouses 244
B.Foreign Trade Zones and Maquilas 245
C.Drawback 248
D.Temporary Imports and the ATA Carnet 249
5.3 Country of Origin Marking 250
5.4 Penalties for Noncompliance 254
5.5 Other U.S.Import Regulations 256
A.Trade Sanctions 256
B.Defense Imports 258
C.Other Special Import Regulations 259
5.6 European and Other Non-U.S.Import Regulation 259
Chapter 6 - Export Regulation 265
6.1 An Introduction to Export Regulation 265
6.2 “Dual Use” Item Exports 270
A.International Coordination of Dual-Use Export Controls 271
B.Introduction to US.Regulation of Dual-Use Exports 275
C.License Exceptions 287
D.End-User Controls 289
E.End-Use Controls 290
F. The Deemed Export Rule 291
G.Advisory Opinions 292
H.Grant or Denial of the Export License 293
I.Penalties for Noncompliance 294
J.Voluntary Self-Disclosure 296
6.3 Arms Export Controls 297
A.U.S.Munitions Export Controls 297
B.Defense Trade Registration and Licensing 299
C.The Commodity Jurisdiction Procedure 299
D.License Exceptions 304
E.Penalties for Violations 304
6.4 Trade and Economic Sanctions 308
A.U.S.Sanctions Programs 309
B.Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons 313
6.5 International Boycotts and Blocking Statutes 314
A.What Is a Boycott？ 314
B.U.S.Antiboycott Regulations 315
C.Blocking Statutes 320
Part Ⅳ - INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS 325
Chapter 7 - International Commercial Agreements 327
7.1 An Introduction to Commercial Agreements 328
A.Commercial Purchase and Lease Agreements 328
B.Independent Distribution and Agency Relationships 329
C.Service Agreements 334
7.2 The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 337
A.When Does the CISG Apply？ 339
B.CISG Rules of Interpretation 346
C.Substantive Rules 347
7.3 The UNIDROIT Principles 357
7.4 The Franchise Relationship 358
A.The Franchise Agreement 358
B.U.S.Dealer Protection Laws 361
C.Dealer Protection Laws in Foreign States 362
7.5 Special International Service Arrangements 364
A.Service Outsourcing 364
B.Natural Resource Extraction 368
C.Major Investment Projects and Public-Private Partnerships 370
7.6 Shipping and Delivery Terms 372
A.Incoterms 372
B.The Shipper-Carrier Legal Relationship 381
C.The Role of Carriage Insurance in International Sales 395
Chapter 8 - International Payment Mechanics and Terms 403
8.1 Payment Options 404
8.2 The Commercial Letter of Credit 404
A.How the Letter of Credit Works 405
B.International Standards Governing Letters of Credit 412
C.Letter of Credit Disputes 421
8.3 Planning for Foreign Exchange Risk 422
8.4 Countertrade Transactions 430
Part Ⅴ - INTERNATIONAL TRADE REMEDIES AND COMPETITION LAW 435
Chapter 9 - Antidumping and Countervailing Measures 437
9.1 Fair and Unfair Competition 438
A.What Is the Objection to Government Subsidies？ 438
B.What Is Wrong with Dumping？ 439
9.2 The ADD/CVD Trade Remedies Action 441
A.The ADD/CVD Treaty Regime 441
B.U.S.ADD and CVD Investigations 445
C.The Petition for Relief 446
D.Preliminary Determinations 447
E.Final Determinations 448
F.Appeals 450
9.3 Requirements for an Affirmative Determination 467
A.Domestic Like Products 467
B.Domestic Industry 475
C.Existence of Dumping or Subsidy 481
D.Injury or Threat of Injury and Causation 481
9.4 Remedies and Review 484
A.Dumping Margin and Duty Amount 484
B.Review 487
Chapter 10 - Safeguard Measures and Other Trade Remedies 493
10.1 Safeguard Measures 493
A.Introduction 493
B.International Trade Treaties and Safeguards 495
C.Safeguard Measures in the United States 499
D.Trade Adjustment Assistance 511
10.2 Section 301 Investigations 514
A.Introduction to Section 301 514
B.The Section 301 Petition 517
C.Special301 518
Chapter 11 - Competition （Antitrust） Law in International Business 525
11.1 Introduction to Competition Law 526
11.2 The Reach of U.S.Antitrust Statutes in Cross-Border Trade and Commerce 529
11.3 Subject Matter and Discretionary Jurisdiction 539
11.4 The Wilson Tariff Act， Webb-Pomerene Act， and Export Trading Company Act 563
11.5 Cross-Border Criminal Enforcement of U.S.Antitrust Laws 567
11.6 Foreign Competition Laws 570
A.The European Union 570
B.Other States 576
Part Ⅵ - FOREIGN INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS 581
Chapter 12 - International Corporation Formation， Acquisition， Reorgani- zation & Regulation of Operations 583
12.1 Incorporating Abroad 584
A.Why Expand Internationally？ 584
B.International Investment Treaties 589
C.Forming a Foreign Subsidiary 599
D.International Mergers and Acquisitions 607
E.Corporate Social Responsibility 614
12.2 International Corporate Regulation 620
A.Foreign Investment Registration， Approval， and Reporting Regulation 620
B.International Labor and Employment Law Issues 629
C.Corporate Immigration 650
D.Competition Law Notification 660
E.Foreign Exchange Controls 670
F.International Securities Regulation 673
12.3 Reorganization and Consolidation in Practice 686
Chapter 13 - International Trade and Project Finance 697
13.1 Financing Major Foreign Investment Projects 698
A.Project Financing 698
B.The International Finance Corporation 710
C.OPIC 715
13.2 Other Sources of Financing for International Projects 716
A.Conventional Direct Loans 716
B.Structured Finance 717
C.Bond Markets 718
D.Venture Capital 718
13.3 Commercial Financing and Working Capital 718
A.Short Term and Working Capital Loans 718
B.The Standby Letter of Credit 721
13.4 Export Credit Agencies 725
A.The Ex-Im Bank 726
B.The U.S.Small Business Administration 728
13.5 International Investment Insurance Agencies 729
A.The Overseas Private Investment Corporation as Insurer 731
B.Foreign and Regional Credit Sources 732
C.The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 733
Chapter 14 - The Regulation of Global Corruption 741
14.1 Bribery in International Investment and Trade 742
A.The Problem of Global Corruption 742
B.International Treaty-Based Responses 749
14.2 U.S.Regulation of Transnational Corruption 751
A.The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 751
B.The Opinion Procedure 768
14.3 Regulation of International Money Laundering 770
A.The U.S.Money Laundering Control Act 774
B.The Bank Secrecy Act 778
C.Enforcement Against Foreign Financial Institutions 783
D.Foreign Anti-Money Laundering Laws 784
Chapter 15 - International Tax Planning 789
15.1 Forms of Taxation 789
A.What Is VAT？ 790
B.What is Income Taxation？ 791
15.2 International Tax Minimization Planning 792
A.Timing the Net Operating Loss 792
B.Intercompany Sales and Transfer Pricing 795
C.The Offshore Holding Company 798
15.3 Efficient Taxation of International Investment 801
A.The Problem of Double Taxation 801
B.Taxation of Foreign Trade and Investment by U.S.Firms 803
C.Taxation of U.S.Investment Undertaken by Foreign Firms 811
15.4 The Bilateral Tax Treaty 813
15.5 Sub-State Taxation of International Transactions 823
Part Ⅶ - PLANNING INTERNATIONAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION 831
Chapter 16 - Planning for International Litigation 833
16.1 Jurisdiction and Choice of Forum 833
A.General Principles of Jurisdiction over International Disputes 833
B.The Contractual Choice of Forum Clause 839
C.Forum Non Conveniens 862
16.2 Which Law Governs the Dispute？ 866
A.Substantive Law Governing the Dispute 866
B.Procedural Law 876
16.3 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Judgments 878
A.Recognition and Enforcement in the EU 879
B.Unilateral Recognition of Foreign Judgments 879
C.Bilateral Judgment Recognition Treaties 883
D.Multilateral Recognition Treaties 883
16.4 Issues Unique to Litigation against Foreign Governments 885
A.The Problem of Foreign Sovereign Immunity 885
B.The Act of State Doctrine 889
Chapter 17 - Planning International Commercial Arbitration 893
17.1 Nonbinding ADR： Mediation， Conciliation， and Mini-Trials 894
A.Mediation and Conciliation 894
B.Mini-Trials and Other Nonbinding ADR 896
17.2 Binding ADR： Commercial Arbitration 897
A.Why Arbitrate？ 898
B.The Arbitration Clause 900
C.Enforcement and Appeal 910
17.3 Arbitration with a Foreign Sovereign 930
Chapter 18 - Planning for International Investment Disputes 937
18.1 Dispute Resolution Planning in International Investment 938
A.Foreign Sovereign Immunity and Foreign Investment 938
B.The Act of State Doctrine and Foreign Investment 939
18.2 International Treaty Rights for the Foreign Investor 940
A.Bilateral Investment and Trade Treaties 940
B.Ad Hoc Dispute Settlement Bodies 943
C.The European Regional Courts 946
18.3 ICSID Arbitration 949
A.ICSID Arbitration Rules： Basic Provisions 951
B.Exhaustion of Local Remedies 953
C.Attribution of Conduct to the Host State 958
D.Withdrawal from the ICSID Convention 959
18.4 Standards of Investment Protection 959
A.When Has an Expropriation Occurred？ 960
B.Standard of Compensation for Expropriation 966
C.Fair and Equitable Treatment and Full Protection and Security 967
18.5 Unique Problems of Dispute Settlement in International Investment 975
A.Multiple Parties to the Transaction 975
B.Involvement of Investment Insurers and Guarantors 979
Appendix A - Special International Trade Regulation Regimes 985
A1 Introduction 985
A2 Example #1： Unprocessed Food and Agricultural Products 986
A.Import Regulations 987
B.Export Regulations 989
A3 Example #2： Endangered Species and Their Products 989
A.CITES Obligations 991
B.U.S.Implementation of CITES 994
A4 Other U.S.Trade Regulatory Regimes 994
A5 Special Foreign Trade Regulations 995
Appendix B - Table of Acronyms 997
Index 1005