Chapter Ⅰ.Introduction 1
Climate Change： A Defining Human Development Challenge for the 21st Century 1
The International Climate Change Regime 2
The International Human Rights Regime 4
Linking Climate Impacts and Human Rights 8
Chapter Ⅱ. Human Rights Impacts of Climate Change： A Survey of Illustrative Examples 11
Climate Change threatens the right to life 12
Climate Change threatens the right to adequate food 14
Climate Change threatens the right to health 15
Climate Change threatens the right to water 16
Climate Change threatens the right to adequate housing 17
Climate Change may affect the realization of a range of other human rights 18
Chapter Ⅲ. International Environmental Law & Human Rights Law： Basic Concepts 20
Sources of International Law 20
（a） Treaties 21
（b） Customary International Law 21
（c） Peremptory Norms of Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes 22
（d） General Principles of International Law 25
（e） Conclusions on Sources of International Law 26
Public International Law Approaches and Beyond： Human Rights vs.“Human Rights Approaches” 27
Chapter Ⅳ. Application of Human Rights Law to Climate Change 29
General Relevance of Human Rights to the Climate Change Debate 29
Lessons from “Environmental Human Rights Jurisprudence” 31
（a） Duties to regulate private as well as state actions 31
（b） Procedural and Substantive Standards 32
Environmental Rights： A “Human Right to a Healthy Environment 36
Applying Environmental Human Rights Law to Climate Change 39
Concluding Comments 43
Chapter V.UNFCCC， Kyoto Protocol and Human Rights Frameworks： Complementarities & Challenges 45
Introduction 45
“Do no harm：” A Core Obligation Common to MEAs and Human Rights 45
The Principle （or Duty） of International Cooperation 47
Equity & “Common But Differentiated Responsibility 49
（a） Accommodating diversity： differential treatment 50
（b） Common But Differentiated Responsibility 52
（c） “Polluter pays” principle 53
（d） Conclusions on human rights， equity and “Common But Differentiated Responsibility” 53
Conclusions on Complementarities and Tensions 54
Chapter Ⅵ.Potential Operational Implications & Areas for Further Research 55
A Frame for Policy Choices 55
（a） A Normative Focus on Human Welfare 56
（b） Procedural human rights standards - improving decision-making processes 56
（c） Substantive human rights standards - a focus on outcomes 57
Strengthening Legal Accountability 58
Quantitative Assessments of Human Rights Performance 59
Engaging the Private Sector 60
Technology Access and Transfer 61
A New International Instrument on Climate Change Displacement？ 63
Chapter Ⅶ.List Of References 66
Annex Ⅰ： Key Impacts 94
Annex Ⅱ： Parties To Human Rights And Climate Treaties 95
Notes 100