1 Skepticism Towards International Law 1
Definitional-Semantics(Austinian Positivism) 2
Realism:Descriptive and Prescriptive 8
The Illusion of International Law:Critical Legal Studies and the "New Stream" 19
Koskenniemi's Critique 23
Conclusion 26
2 Conceptualizing International Law 29
The Ontology of Social Objects:Beginning to Answer the New Stream 31
Definitions and Sources 38
The Non-Reductionist Definition of International Law 41
Descriptions,Prescriptions,and Predictions 44
3 Voluntarism and Natural Law 49
Descriptions and Functions in International Law 49
The Sovereignty Thesis 56
Nardin on International Law as a Practice 59
Natural Law and the Metaphysics of Definition 64
Towards Jurisprudence 70
4 International Legal Personality 71
Terminology 72
International Legal Personality 74
The State 75
Intergovernmental Organizations 80
Individuals 87
The Future of International Legal Personality 91
Conclusion 92
5 Humanitarian Intervention 95
The Question of Motive 98
The UN Charter 102
Sovereignty and Self-Defense:Article 51 104
Peace and Security:The Security Council's Chapter Ⅶ Powers 109
Human Rights and Intervention:Article 1(3) 114
Conclusion 118
6 Empiricism and the Reality of International Law 123
Explanations 128
Explanations and the Efficacy of Legal Norms 132
Failure of Law 135
Is There the "Rule of Law" in International Relations? 141
Conclusion 142
7 Pinochet and Nicaragua 145
The Pinochet Affair 148
Nicaragua 161
Conclusion 170
8 The Prescriptive Realists 173
The Prudential Diplomat 175
Relativism 186
Republicanism 196
Conclusion 202
Conclusion 205
Bibliography 207
Index 223