1 Introduction 1
SECTION A:OVERVIEW 1
SECTION B:OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCES 3
SECTION C:USE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCES 11
2 Ownership and Boundaries in the Coastal Zone 23
SECTION A:TIDELANDS AND UPLANDS 23
SECTION B:AMBULATORY BOUNDARIES 32
3 State Common Law and the Coastal Zone 51
SECTION A:PRIVATE RIGHTS 51
SECTION B:PUBLIC RIGHTS 76
SECTION C:BEACH ACCESS 131
4 State-Federal Relationships Offshore 158
SECTION A:CONTINENTAL SHELF RESOURCES 158
SECTION B:FISHERIES MANAGEMENT 183
5 Living Resource Management 208
SECTION A:THE FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1976 208
SECTION B:MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT(MMPA) 224
6 Nonliving Resource Management 240
SECTION A:DEEP SEABED MINING 240
SECTION B:OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL AND GAS 243
7 Oil Spills 288
SECTION A:SPILL LIABILITY 289
SECTION B:TANKER OPERATIONS 315
SECTION C:DEEPWATER PORTS 332
8 Disposal of Wastes in the Ocean 339
SECTION A:OCEAN DUMPING 339
SECTION B:OCEAN DISCHARGES 348
SECTION C:THERMAL POLLUTION 351
9 Comprehensive Ocean Management 353
SECTION A:MARINE SANCTUARIES 353
SECTION B:ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT REGIMES 358
10 Alteration of Coastal Waterways and Wetlands 362
SECTION A:THE CORPS' REGULATORY ROLE 363
SECTION B:CONSTRUCTION IN NAVIGABLE WATERS 365
SECTION C:SCOPE OF CORPS JURISDICTION 373
11 The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act 392
SECTION A:STATE PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND APPROVAL 393
SECTION B:FEDERAL CONSISTENCY WITH APPROVED STATE PROGRAMS 420
SECTION C:FAST-TRACK LEGISLATION AND THE COASTAL ZONE 423
12 Legal Issues in State Coastal Zone Management 429
SECTION A:NORTH CAROLINA 430
SECTION B:FLORIDA 446
SECTION C:GEORGIA 455
SECTION D:CALIFORNIA 459
SECTION E:WASHINGTON 480