1. INTRODUCTION 1
1. International Law as “Law” 1
2. The Development of International Law 12
2. THE SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 22
1. Generally 22
2. Custom 24
3. Treaties 41
4. General Principles of Law 43
5. Judicial Decisions 50
6. Writers 53
7. General Assembly Resolutions 55
8. Codification and Progressive Development of International Law 57
3. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND MUNICIPAL LAW 60
1. Monism and Dualism 60
2. Municipal Law in International Law 63
3. International Law in Municipal Law 65
4. The Executive Certificate 87
4. PERSONALITY 89
1. Generally 89
2. States 89
3. Mandated and Trust Territories 110
4. Other Legal Persons 132
5. Recognition of States and Governments 143
6. The Effect of Recognition in Municipal Law 152
5. TERRITORY 174
1. Title to Territorv 174
2. Polar Regions 205
3. Airspace 210
4. Outer Space 213
5. Rights in Foreign Territory 220
6. International Protection of the Environment 229
6. STATE JURISDICTION 235
1. Introductory Note 235
2. Criminal Juridiction 235
3. Hijacking 259
4. Sovereign Immunity 266
5. Diplomatic Immunity 290
7. THE LAW OF THE SEA 307
1. Introductory Note 307
2. The Territorial Sea 309
3. The High Seas 340
4. The Exclusive Economic Zone 368
5. The Continental Shelf 378
6. The Deep Sea-Bed 387
8. STATE RESPONSIBILITY 395
1. Introductory Note 395
2. The Theory of Responsibility 396
3. The Treatment of Aliens 420
9. HUMAN RIGHTS 499
1. Introduction 499
2. European Convention on Human Rights 1950 500
3. The United Nations 565
4. Human Rights and International Criminal Law 575
10. THE LAW OF TREATIES 584
1. Introductory Note 584
2. General Considerations 585
3. The Making of Treaties 595
4. Observance and Application of Treaties 614
5. Treaty Interpretation 617
6. Third States 628
7. Amendment and Modification 632
8. Validity of Treaties 633
9. Termination of， Suspension of and Withdrawal fromTreaties 642
10. General Provisions on the Invalidity， Termination and Suspension of Treaties 651
11. Registration of. Treaties 657
12. State Succession to Treaties 658
11. THE USE OF FORCE BY STATES 662
1. The Unilateral Use of Force by States 662
2. The Right of Self-Defence 676
3. Collective Measures through the United Nations 689
12. ARBITRATION AND JUDICIAL SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 730
1. Introductory Note 730
2. Arbitration 730
3. The World Court 732
APPENDIX Ⅰ 776
Charter of the United Nations 776
Statute of the International Court of Justice 797
APPENDIX Ⅱ 809
Members of the United Nations 809
APPENDIX Ⅲ 811
General Assembly Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations 1970 811
APPENDIX Ⅳ 816
State Immunity Act 816
Index 819